Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fundamentals
Prepared by;
M.Salman
A basic sewing machine consists of the fundamental parts required to
form a stitch , sew a seam or stitching or to perform a particular sewing
operation.
1. The casting
2. Lubrication system
4. Feeding system
Lubrication System
lubrication factors are the prime factors in maintenance,
downtime, efficient operations and long life time of various parts of
the machine. The mechanical parts of sewing machine like any
other mechanical parts are need to be lubricated (oiled) to reduce
friction and keep mechanical parts moving freely.
High speed and temperature increase the need for lubrication
because of increased friction.
There are two types of lubrication systems available.
Manual
Automatic
In the former case oiling is done manually. In these machines no
special mechanism for oiling is present. These machines are also
called as dry head machines. The conventional sewing machine at
homes is also an example in which manually oiling is done.
In automatic oiling systems different parts work in combination with
each other to ensure the effective supply of oil to the required parts
like.
• Oil Pump
• Wick
• Felt
• Oil Gauge and oil sight window
• Oil distribution network (oil pipes)
• Stitch Forming System
Stitch forming system are the mechanical parts that when correctly
synchronized forms stitches, seams and then stitching.
Various stitch forming mechanism are:
Thread control devices ( thread guides and thread tensions).
Needles
Bobbin case, bobbin and hooks
loppers
spreaders
Thread Control Devices
Thread control devices include thread guides, thread tensions
and take-ups which are necessary to provide uniform thread flow
Thread guides control the position and movement of thread.
Damaged or faulty thread guides can damage sewing thread and
cause thread breakage.
Tension Devices
Tension devices controls the flow and tension in the thread going to
form a stitch.
Tension in the thread determines the balance and tightness of a
stitch. Tensioning devices consist of a pair of tension disks, a spring
and a thumb nut that can be adjusted to control the ease with which
thread passes between the disks.
Thread take-ups
Thread take up control the supply of thread required to form each
stitch. It gives extra thread to the needle to form the stitch but takes it
away to set the stitch
Needles
Needles carry the thread through the fabric so a stitch can be sewn.
Hook
A hook is a rotating device encompassing the bobbin case that picks
up the needle thread loop to form a lock stitch.
Lopper
Lopper may or may not carry the lower thread in the formation of
stitch.
As in case of flat lock lopper holds the lower thread but in case
of single needle chain stitch it holds the needle thread.
Spreader
spreader work in conjunction with a lopper to assist in the loop
formation. They infact move the thread but did not carry the
thread.
Feeding System
The material handling components of machine are also called
as the feeding system. For a precise line of stitches to be formed
fabric must be moved through the stitch forming area of the machine
with accuracy and precession.
The feeding system usually consists of the following parts:
The presser foot
The throat plate
Feeding mechanism