Performance Evaluation of Integrated Wimax and Wlan Networks For Voice Over Ip Application

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF
INTEGRATED WiMAX AND WLAN

NETWORKS FOR VOICE OVER IP
APPLICATION
Anindita Kundu
Reg No.: 105355 of 2008-09
Class Roll No: 000812302006
Exam Roll No: M4DMC10-05
June 28
2010 1
Problem statement
 With various wireless technologies coming up, performance of
the wireless networks has become a concern.
 Air being the communicating medium in wireless networks,

any hindrance on the communication path like buildings, trees,
etc., affects the wireless signal propagation.
 Apart from other parameters which affect network
performance, the terrain feature on which the network is
deployed and the path loss affects the network performance
substantially.
 Hence, prior network deployment, analysis of the terrain is

essential and is thereby performed in a WiMAX network with
applications like voice and FTP.
June 28
2010 Anindita Kundu Reg No.: 105355 of 2008-09 Exam Roll No: M4DMC10-05 2
What is path loss?
 Path loss is the reduction in power density or attenuation of
an electro magnetic wave as it propagates through space.
 Path loss may be due to many effects like free space path
loss, refraction, diffraction, reflection and absorption.
 Path loss is also influenced by terrain contours, environment

(urban or rural), propagation medium (dry or moist air),
distance between transmitter and receiver, and height and
location of antennas.
June 28
Pathloss models
 Free Space – no or very little obstruction
 Suburban Fixed
 Terrain Type A – hilly terrain with moderate to high tree
density.
 Terrain Type B – mostly flat terrain with moderate to heavy
tree density or a hilly terrain with light tree density.
 Terrain Type C – flat terrain with light tree density.
 Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian – small cells, low

transmission power, low BS height, pedestrians on
street or inside buildings.
 Vehicular – larger cells, high transmission power,

vehicular mobility.
June 28
Network setup
June 28
Network configuration
Network 7 celled WiMAX network
Cell Radius 30km
No. of Base Stations 7
No. of Subscriber Stations per BS 10
No. of Mobile nodes in the network 10
Speed of the mobile nodes 50 km/hr
Simulation time 600 sec
Base Station Model wimax_bs_ethernet4_slip4_router
Subscriber Station Model wimax_ss_wkstn

ASN Gateway Model ethernet4_slip8_gtwy
IP Backbone Model ip32_cloud
Voice Server Model ppp_server
Link Model (BS-Backbone) PPP_DS3
June 28 Link Model (ASN - Backbone) PPP_SONET_OC12
Results – path loss
June 28
Results – average throughput
June 28
Results – average packet end to
end delay
June 28
Conclusion
 Path loss varies with the amount of reflection in
the communicating path.
 The reduction in Line-Of-Sight due to the terrain

model of any area
decreases network throughput due to increase in
attenuation and diffraction losses
increases packet end to end delay by causing nodes to
re-initiate network registration more frequently under
fluctuating cell coverage.
 Free Space propagation has minimal path loss

and gives best performance.
June 28
Problem statement
 With voice over IP coming into existence, the utilisation of the
spectrum has also become a concern.
 To accommodate maximum number of users with considerably

good voice quality has become a concern of the researchers.
 Innovative techniques are coming up each day to suffice the

needs.
 With the next generation communication networks coming into

being, our target is to analyse of the performance of voice over
IP over a WLAN-WiMAX integrated 4G network.
 WLAN is chosen because it is a widely used low cost

technology and WiMAX is expected to outshine the
conventional DSL cables for providing broadband wireless
access.
June 28
Voice over IP
 Voice is analog and is converted to digital format
before transmitting over Internet.
 The process of encoding analog voice to digital and

the converse are both performed by voice codecs.
 Voice compression techniques are used to reduce

bandwidth consumption. Voice compression by a
codec adds an additional overhead of algorithmic
delay.
 Thus, a codec is expected to provide good voice

quality even after compression, with minimum delay.
June 28
Voice over IP
Codecs Algorithm Bandwidth Ethernet Bandwidth
(Kbps) Usage (Kbps)
G.711 PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) 64 87.2
G.729 CS-ACELP (Conjugate Structure Algebraic- 8 31.2

Code Excited Linear Prediction)
G.723.1 Multi Rate Coder 6.3 21.9
G.723.1 Multi Rate Coder 5.3 20.8
G.726 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code 32 55.2

Modulation)
G.726 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code 24 47.2
Modulation)
G.728 LD-CELP (Low-Delay Code Excited Linear 16 31.5
Prediction)
June 28
Voice over ip
 Conversation has two parts – talk spurt and silence.
 Silence leads to packetization of the background noise and

sending it over the network which causes bandwidth
wastage.
 Usually, during a conversation we talk 35% of the time and

remain quiet rest of the time.
 Recent advancements give ways to detect this talk-spurt

and silence lengths within a conversation.
 With silence suppression during the silence period, the

codec does not packetise any data. This decreases channel
utilisation and thereby saves bandwidth.
June 28
WiMAX vs. WLAN
WiMAX WLAN
IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.11b
Deployed in wide coverage areas to Deployed in small
provide last mile connectivity. It coverage areas like public
provides mobile coverage up to hotspots, homes, offices of
several km and up to several miles up to 300m
for fixed and lower density
deployments.
NLOS frequency band: 2-11GHz 2.4 GHz ISM Band
LOS frequency band: 10- 66 GHz
Provides fixed and portable Provides fixed and portable
solutions over a wide area of 1-3 solutions within the
miles coverage of the hotspot
Customer premise equipment and Embedded in 97% laptops
PC cards to be embedded in laptops and hand held customer
and hand held devices equipments
June 28
WLAN integration using WiMAX
Reference:
B.Angelov, B.Rao, “The Progression of WiMAX Toward a Peer-to- Peer Paradigm
Shift”, Annual Review of Communications, Vol 59, 2007
June 28
Network scenarios considered
 WiMAX Network
Stationary Network
 WLAN - WiMAX
Without Silence Suppression
Network
With Silence Suppression Stationary Network
Mobile Network Without Silence Suppression
Without Silence Suppression With Silence Suppression
Mobile Network
 WLAN Network Without Silence Suppression
Stationary Network
With Silence Suppression
Mobile Network
June 28
WiMAX Stationary Network model
June 28
WLAN Stationary Network model
June 28
WLAN-WiMAX Stationary Network
model
June 28
Node model of
SS_WiMAX_WLAN_AP
June 28
WLAN - WiMAX network
parameters
WiMAX Values WLAN Values
Parameters Parameters
WiMAX Service ertPS Physical Direct

Class Characteristics Sequence
(DSSS)
BS Transmission 10W Data Rate 11Mbps
Power
SS Transmission 0.5W Transmission 0.005 W
Power Power
PHY profile Wireless Buffer Size 2048000
OFDMA bits
20MHz
June 28
Results – Average Jitter
Mean voice jitter(sec) for various codecs
M e a n v o i c e j i tte r (s e c ) Integrated Network WiMAX WLAN
0.0012
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
-0.0002 G729 G711 G723.1 G723.1 G726 G726 G726 G726 G728 G728
5.3K 6.3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12.8K 16K
Voice Codecs
Mean voice jitter (sec)

using silence suppression
Integrated Network WiMAX WLAN
M e an vo ice jitter
3.00E-02
2.00E-02
(sec )
1.00E-02
0.00E+00
G729 G711 G723.1 G723.1 G726 G726 G726 G726 G728 G728
-1.00E-02
5.3K 6.3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12.8K 16K
Voice Codecs
June 28
Results – Average MOS
M e a n V o ic e M O S
Mean V o ic e MO S v alu e v ary in g
c o d ec s
Integ rated W iMA X WLAN
4
V a lu e
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
G 729 G 711 G 723.1 G 723.1 G 726 G 726 G 726 G 726 G 728 G 728
5.3K 6.3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12.8K 16K
Mean V o ic e MO S v alu e v ary in g

M e a n V o ic e M O S V a lu e
c o d ec s with s ilen c e s u p p res s io n

Integ rated W iMA X WLAN
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
G 729 G 711 G 723.1 G 723.1 G 726 G 726 G 726 G 726 G 728 G 728
5. 3K 6. 3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12. 8K 16K
V oic e C ode c s
June 28
Results – Average Packet end to
end delay
Voice Packet end to end Voice Packet end to end delay (sec)
5
4
delay(sec)
Integrated Network
3
WiMAX
2
WLAN
1
0
G729 G711 G723.1 G723.1 G726 G726 G726 G726 G728 G728
5.3K 6.3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12.8K 16K
Voice Codecs
Voice Packet end to end delay(sec)

using silence suppression
0.14
Voice Packet end to
0.12
end delay(sec)
0.1 Integrated Network

0.08
WiMAX
0.06
0.04 WLAN
0.02
0
G729 G711 G723.1 G723.1 G726 G726 G726 G726 G728 G728
5.3K 6.3K 16K 24K 32K 40K 12.8K 16K
Voice Codecs
June 28
WiMAX mobile Network model
June 28
WLAN mobile Network model
June 28
WLAN-Wimax mobile Network
model
June 28
Results – average jitter
Average Jitter
G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
Sec
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
50km/hr
50km/hr
50km/hr
100km/hr
150km/hr
100km/hr
150km/hr
100km/hr
150km/hr
WiMAX WLAN Intergrated
Network
June 28
Results – average packet end to end
delay
Packet End-to-End Delay
G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729
180
160
140
120
100
S ec
80
60
40
20
0
100k m /hr
150k m /hr
100k m /hr
150k m /hr
100k m /hr
150k m /hr
50k m /hr
50k m /hr
50k m /hr
WiMAX WLAN Integrated
Network
June 28
Results – average packet end to end
delay
Packet End-to-End Delay
G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729
0.3
0.25
0.2
sec
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
50km/hr 100km/hr 150km/hr 50km/hr 100km/hr 150km/hr
WiMAX Integrated
Network
June 28
Conclusion
 When silence is not suppressed WiMAX performs better than WLAN
 To support increasing number of users, silence suppression has to be
used.
 With Silence suppression WLAN performs better than WiMAX
 The integrated network performs almost like the WLAN.
 With mobility WLAN fails as it cannot support vehicular mobility
hence WiMAX has to be introduced.
 WiMAX performs better than WLAN when mobility is introduced.
 The integrated network now performs almost like the WiMAX network.
 Thus, the WLAN-WiMAX integrated network performs better than
WiMAX and almost like WLAN in static condition and performs almost
like the WiMAX network in the mobile scenario where the WLAN
network fails.
June 28
Discussion
Free Space propagation has minimal path loss
and gives best performance due to minimal
amount of reflection and increased line of sight.
Integrated network with WiMAX backbone and

WLAN hotspots is competent enough to
provide optimal voice quality with optimal
network capacity for both static and mobile
conditions.
June 28
Future work
 The performance of the networks with respect to varying
users and applications is being done as an extension to the
existing work.
 3G network can be added to the existing architecture to
observe the performance of the multiple coexisting networks.
This could not be done due to the limitations of OPNET.
 VAD is not supported by the application demands of the
current OPNET modeler. The modification of the modeler
can be done to support VAD as a future work.
 IEEE 802.11b is considered to represent WLAN. The
network performance with respect to high speed IEEE
802.11a and the newly developed 802.11n can be observed to
further extend the work.
June 28
References
 B. P. Crow, I. Widjaja, J. G. Kim, “IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks”, Proceedings
of IEEE Communications, 1997
 D. Malone, P. Clifford, D.J. Leith, “On Buffer Sizing for Voice in 802.11 WLANs”,
Proceedings of IEEE Communications Letters, 2007
 http://voip.biz-news.com/news/tags/en_US/VoIP
 “Smart Mobile™: Next-Generation Wlan Architecture For High Performance Networks”, A
Trapeze Networks White Paper, November 2006.
 D.Y. Chen, S. Garg, M. Kappes, and K. S. Trivedi, “Supporting VBR VoIP traffic with IEEE
802.11 WLAN in PCF mode”, Proceedings of OPNETWork 2002, Washington D. C., August
2002.
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IPTV over WiMAX: Challenges and Applications”, Proceedings of IEEE WAMICON, 2006
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With Unbalanced Traffic”, Proceedings of IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technologies, Vol.
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June 28
References
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Annual Review of Communications, Vol 59, 2007
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Environment”, IEEE CCNC 2006 Proceedings, 2006
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Sons, Ltd,2005
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Intelligent Knowledge Systems (IKS-2004), August 2004
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31. From http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/mehta01overview.html.
June 28
References
 ETSI TR 101 329-7 2.1.1 (2002-02), Telecommunications and Internet Protocol
Harmonization over networks release 3: End to end quality of service in TIPHON systems
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June 28
References
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June 28
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June 28

Performance Evaluation of Integrated Wimax and Wlan Networks For Voice Over Ip Application

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF

INTEGRATED WiMAX AND WLAN

 Air being the communicating medium in wireless networks,

 Hence, prior network deployment, analysis of the terrain is

 Path loss is also influenced by terrain contours, environment

 Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian – small cells, low

 Vehicular – larger cells, high transmission power,

Base Station Model wimax_bs_ethernet4_slip4_router

Subscriber Station Model wimax_ss_wkstn

 The reduction in Line-Of-Sight due to the terrain

 Free Space propagation has minimal path loss

 To accommodate maximum number of users with considerably

 Innovative techniques are coming up each day to suffice the

 With the next generation communication networks coming into

 WLAN is chosen because it is a widely used low cost

 The process of encoding analog voice to digital and

 Voice compression techniques are used to reduce

 Thus, a codec is expected to provide good voice

G.729 CS-ACELP (Conjugate Structure Algebraic- 8 31.2

G.726 ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code 32 55.2

 Silence leads to packetization of the background noise and

 Usually, during a conversation we talk 35% of the time and

 Recent advancements give ways to detect this talk-spurt

 With silence suppression during the silence period, the

WiMAX Service ertPS Physical Direct

Mean voice jitter (sec)

Mean V o ic e MO S v alu e v ary in g

c o d ec s with s ilen c e s u p p res s io n

Voice Packet end to end delay(sec)

0.1 Integrated Network

G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729

G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729

G711 G723.1 G726 G728 G729

Integrated network with WiMAX backbone and

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