Webserver & it’s types

 A computer that delivers.serves Web pages.

 Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain
name. For example www.yahoo.com.
 A computer with appropriate configuration may be turned into a
Web server by installing server software
 There are many Web server software applications like
commonly used are -:
1. Apache(Linux based)
2. IIS(Internet Information Services by Microsoft)
 Apache Web Server
1. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers.
2. The first version of the Apache web server was created by Robert McCool.
3. The application is available for a wide variety of operating systems including
Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, Mac OS X, and Microsoft
Windows but commonly used for Linux.
4. A free and open source software.
5. As of November 2005, Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services) gained
popularity,
6. Apache serves more than 50% of all websites.
 Requirement for Hosting
WebServer(WebSite).
 1.Registere a DOMAIN Name.
 2.High Bandwidth.
 3.Public IP Addresses.
 4.HighEnd Server (Hardware)
 5.HTML/PHP/ASP(Language to write static
& interactive web pages)
 Apache webserver/IIS. (s/w)
 How Webserver works
1.
First the User enter www.yahoo.com in his/her Browser ( Internet
Explorer/Netscape etc).
2. The Request goes to Proxy server which is providing internet facility.
3. Proxy Server then Forwards the Request(www.yahoo.com) to ISP
Domain(say MTNL).
4. ISP Domain contains list of all Web servers like yahoo.com,
hotmail.com , google.com etc. and forward the Request to appropriate
Web Servers.
5. When the Request reaches at www.yahoo.com, it looks into its
webpages directory to send back the desired webpage to the
ISP(MTNL).
6. ISP then forwards the webpage to Proxy server.
7. Finally Proxy server sends the Request back to the original client from
www.yahoo.com ISP Domain Proxy server www.yahoo.com
where is originated.

Note:-For Home users, request will go directly to ISP since home users don’t use proxy servers .
 Web Server Security
 HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket
Layer, or HTTP over SSL.

 HTTPS encrypts and decrypts the page requests and page

information between the client browser and the web server using a
secure Socket Layer (SSL, like a Tunnel).

 HTTPS by default uses port 443 as opposed to the standard HTTP

port of 80.

 SSL transactions are negotiated by means of a keybased encryption

algorithm between the client and the server,

 This key is usually either 40 or 128 bits in strength (the higher the
number of bits , the more secure the transaction).
 Proxy Server,Advantages &
Types(Squid & Others)
 A proxy server is a server (an application program) which serves the requests
of its clients by forwarding requests to other servers.
 Advantages:-
 Provide internet access to its clients. It’s a centralize server for managing
internet. Provide Monitoring services. Reduce the workload of router (client
don’t connect to router directly). Proxy hides the clients from outside world.

 Squid (Linux based), ISA (Microsoft), Wingate (windows based).

 Squid is free and work on Linux. It doesn’t require high end servers. It provide
blocking, filtering, monitoring services and other features.

Proxy Server
WAN LAN
Link

Cables Clients
 Networking Devices
Router:- It connects internal network to the external network. Works as a gateway for a network.
Any computer which want to access a computer outside of its network has to use a Router.

Features/specifications/commands:-
•Router provide security/authentication/monitoring .It provide connectivity between two different
LAN, one LAN to WAN & WAN to WAN.
•Router comes with RAM, Flash Memory, OS, Physical port (Serial/Ethernet).
•Cisco has following series of router:-1600,1700,1800,2400,2600,2800 etc.
Connecting to a router(commands):- #sh run : to show current config. To change password:-
#enable ; #config (to go to config mode) ; #line console 0 ;#login #password cisco ; #end #exit (to
exit)
 Switches
1. A Network device. Provides connectivity to all machines. Basically a centralize device with
intelligence to forward data. Generally , superior than hubs.
It maintains a table by which it takes decision to forward data. It has speed of upto 1000 mbps. It
comes with 8port,16port,24port,48port,72port and so on)

MODEMS
1. Modems(Modulator – Demodulator) are used to convert analog signals to digital signals and
vice versa. Basically it’s converter.

Cables
1. FiberOptics:-It has speed upto 40000Mbps.Signals flow in lights form. Can cover 1000 mtr.
Data travels with speed of light.
2. UTP:- It has speed up to 1000Mpbs,signals flow in digital form.cover upto 100 mtr.
3. Co-axial cable:-it has upto 100Mbps,can cover 100 mtr.
 Antivirus
 “Antivirus" is protective software designed to defend your computer
against malicious software or "malware" includes: viruses, Trojans,
etc.
Examples:-
 Symantec antivirus.
 Trend micro.
 Mcafee antivirus.
 Panda antivirus etc.
 Symantec Antivirus Corporate Edition

 Centralized management and administration.

 Effective protection from spyware and adware.
 Protecting users from viruses that attempt to disable security
measures.
 Virus protection and monitoring from a single management console.
 Backed by Symantec Security Response, the world’s leading Internet
security research and support organization