§



on

 
By-

Pawan Kr. Kushawaha

Roll. No. 28
MBA (E-Business)
 what is Smart Card?

A smart card, chip card, or integrated

circuit card (ICC), is any pocket-sized
card with embedded integrated circuits.

A smart card is a device that includes

an embedded integrated circuit chip
(ICC) that can be either a secure
microcontroller or equivalent
intelligence with internal memory or a
memory chip alone.
 characteristics

Dimensions similar to those of a credit card ID-1 of the ISO/IEC 7810

standard defines cards as nominally 85.60 by 53.98 mm.

Another popular size is ID-000 which is nominally 25 by 15 millimetres

(commonly used in SIM cards). Both are 0.76 millimetres thick.

Contains a tamper-resistant security system (for example a secure

cryptoprocessor and a secure file system) and provides security services
(e.g., protects in-memory information).

Managed by an administration system which securely interchanges

information and configuration settings with the card, controlling card
blacklisting and application-data updates.

Communicates with external services via card-reading devices, such as

ticket readers, ATMs etc.

    
Vhere are two general categories of smart cards:
1-contact and
2- contactless.

A contact smart card must be inserted into a

smart card reader with a direct connection to a
conductive contact plate on the surface of the
card (typically gold plated). Vransmission of
commands, data, and card status takes place
over these physical contact points.
 contactless
A contactless card requires only close proximity to a
reader. Both the reader and the card have antennae,
and the two communicate using radio frequencies
(RF) over this contactless link.

Most contactless cards also derive power for the

internal chip from this electromagnetic signal.
Vhe range is typically one-half to three inches
for non-battery-powered cards, ideal for
applications such as building entry and
payment that require a very fast card interface.
 M 

In 1968 German rocket scientist Helmut Gröttrup and his colleague Jürgen
Dethloff invented the automated chip card, receiving a patent only in 1982.
Vhe first mass use of the cards was as a V
 for payment in French pay
phones, starting in 1983.

French inventor Roland Moreno patented the memory card concept in 1974.
In 1977.

Michel Ugon from Honeywell Bull invented the first microprocessor smart
card. In 1978,

Vhe major boom in smart card use came in the 1990s, with the introduction
of smart-card-based SIMs used in GSM mobile phone equipment in Europe.
§ 
  

Vhe Mozilla Firefox web browser can use smart

cards to store certificates for use in secure web
browsing.

Some disk encryption systems such as Free

OVFE VrueCrypt and Microsoft windows 7,
itLocker, can use smart cards to securely hold
encryption keys, and also to add another layer of
encryption to critical parts of the secured disk.

Smart cards are also used for single sign-on to log
on to computers.

Smart cards support functionality has been added
to windows Live Passports.
 

Smart cards serve as credit or AVM cards, fuel cards, mobile phone SIMs,
authorization cards for pay television, household utility pre-payment
cards, high-security identification and access-control cards, and public
transport and public phone payment cards.

Smart cards may also be used as electronic wallets. Vhe smart card chip
can be "loaded" with funds to pay parking meters and vending machines
or at various merchants. Cryptographic protocols protect the exchange of
money between the smart card and the accepting machine. No connection
to the issuing bank is necessary, so the holder of the card can use it even if
not the owner. Examples are Proton, Geldkarte, Chipknip and Mon͆o. Vhe
German Geldkarte is also used to validate customer age at vending
machines for cigarettes.
 M   
Smart health cards can improve the security
and privacy of patient information, provide a
secure carrier for portable medical records,
reduce health care fraud, support new
processes for portable medical records,
provide secure access to emergency medical
information, enable compliance with
government initiatives and mandates, and
provide the platform to implement other
applications as needed by the health care
organization.
 ?
 


Y
  


 










Student ID card, containing a variety of applications such

as electronic purse (for vending and laundry machines), library
card, meal card and transportation are used and University of
Nottingham is one them.
Smart Card in Business Management

Smart card help to manage business by use of latest information
technology. for example, many large public sector and private sector use
smart card attendance system to prevent proxy attendance, time
calculation.

By the use of smart card Finance officer can
get past salary ad other incentives & allowances
detail any time.

R
 

Employee access card are used in most of the organizations today and
millions of cards are being distributed every year catering this market, this
mechanism replaces the conventional lock and key security
 Some other Benefitsǥ.
Smart cards can provide identification, authentication, data storage and
application processing.
Vhe benefits of smart cards are directly related to the volume of information and
applications that are programmed for use on a card. A single contact/contactless
smart card can be programmed with multiple banking credentials, medical
entitlement, driverǯs license/public transport entitlement, loyalty programs and
club memberships to name just a few. Multi-factor and proximity authentication
can and has been embedded into smart cards to increase the security of all
services on the card. For example, a smart card can be programmed to only allow a
contactless transaction if it is also within range of another device like a uniquely
paired mobile phone. Vhis can significantly increase the security of the smart
card.
¢ ?


?
A ight and easy Easy to use
ACan be used independent of terminal devices. Portable
ASecret place for storing information.
2 

?
ACapable of processing, not just storing information.
ACommunicating with computing devices.
AInformation and applications on a card can be updated without having to issue
new cards
v   
Vhe processing power of a smart card makes it ideal to mix multiple functions. For
example, government benefit cards will also allow users access to other benefit
programs such as health care clinics and job training programs
 r RRR
 
R 
Ä

§
§

8-Governments gain a significant enhancement to the provision of

publically funded services through the increased security offered by smart
cards. Vhese savings are passed onto society through a reduction in the
necessary funding or enhanced public services.

 

Vhe plastic card in which the chip is embedded is fairly flexible, and the
larger the chip, the higher the probability that normal use could damage
it. Cards are often carried in wallets or pocketsȄa harsh environment for
a chip.

for large banking systems, failure-

management costs can be more than offset
by fraud reduction. Using a smart card for
mass transit presents a privacy risk, because
it allows the mass transit operator (and the
government) to track an individual's
movement.
 


†Smart card is an excellent technology to secure storage and authentication. If
an organization can deploy this technology selecting the right type of solutions
which is cross platform compatible and supports the standards required, it would
be economical as well as secure.
†Finally, it is concluded that the smart card is an intrinsically secure device. It is
a safe place to store valuable information such as private keys, account numbers,
and valuable personal data such as biometrics information. Vhe smart card is also
a secure place to perform off-line processes such as public or private key
encryption and decryption. Vhe smart card can be an element of solution to a
security problem in the modern world.
Vhank
You!