Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Networking
Learning Objectives
1. Understand the concept of a network.
2. Apply Metcalfe’s law in understanding the
value of a network.
3. Identify several major developments and
trends in the industries, technologies, and
business applications of
telecommunications and Internet
technologies.
4. Examples of the business value of Internet,
intranet, and extranet applications.
Learning Objectives
5. Identify the basic components, functions,
and types of telecommunications networks
used in business.
6. Explain the functions of major components
of telecommunications network hardware,
software, media, and services.
7. Explain the concept of client/server
networking.
8. Understand the two forms of peer-to-peer
networking.
Learning Objectives
10.Identify the various transmission media
and topologies used in telecommunications
networks.
11.Understand the fundamentals of wireless
network technologies.
12.Explain the concepts behind TCP/IP.
13.Understand the seven layers of the OSI
network model.
Network Concepts
Network
– An interconnected chain, group or system
Network topology
– bus
– star
– ring
Local-area networks
– bus: Ethernet, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)
– ring: token passing method
Distributed data processing
– "interconnects sites of one organization not only for communication of data
and messages but also for
the sharing of resources."
Open Systems
Information systems that use common standards
for hardware, software, applications and networks
Internet networking technologies are a common
standard for open systems
Connectivity:
– Ability of networked computers to easily access and
communicate with each other and share information
Interoperability:
– The ability of an open system to enable end user
applications to be accomplished using different
varieties of computer systems, software packages,
Middleware
Any programming that serves to “glue
together” two separate programs
Internet2
Next generation of the Internet
High-performance network
In use at 200 universities, scientific
institutions, communications corporations
Internet Service Provider
ISP
– A company that specializes in providing easy
access to the Internet
– For a monthly fee, you get software, user name,
password and access
ISPs are connect to one another through
network access points
An Intranet Also look at fig 6.8
A network inside an organization
– That uses Internet technologies (such as Web
browsers and servers, TCP/IP protocols, HTML,
etc.)
– To provide an Internet-like environment within
the organization
– For information sharing, communications,
collaboration and support of business
processes
– Protected by security measures
– Can be accessed by authorized users through the Internet
Extranet (also look at fig 6.9)
Network links that use Internet technologies
– To connect the Intranet of a business
– With the Intranets of its customers, suppliers or
other business partners
GPS
1. The global positioning system (GPS) is a major
technological achievement that has broad-
reaching implications for business. Using the
Internet,
– Can find other innovative uses for GPS.
– Good places to start familiarizing yourself with
current accomplishments are
The GPSWorld site at
http://www.gpsworld.com/gpsworld/
The GPS Overview at
http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps/g
ps_f.html
Telecommunications network
Any arrangement where a sender transmits
a message to a receiver over a channel
consisting of some type of medium
Types of Networks
WAN
LAN
VPN
C/S
VPN
Basically, a VPN is a private network that uses a
public network (usually the Internet) to connect
remote sites or users together. Instead of using a
dedicated, real-world connection such as leased
line, a VPN uses "virtual" connections routed
through the Internet from the company's private
network to the remote site or employee.
Source: computer.Howstuffworks.com
VPN
Internetwork Processors
Switch – makes connections between
telecommunications circuits in a network
Router – intelligent communications
processor that interconnects networks
based on different protocols
Hub – a port switching communications
processor
Gateway – connects networks using
different communications architectures
ROUTERS
Routers are specialized computers that send
your messages and those of every other
Internet user speeding to their destinations
along thousands of pathways.
PC PC PC PC
MAINFRAME
LA N
PC PC PC PC
Peer-to-peer networks (p 209)
Networks that connect from one PC to another PC
Source: www.microsoft.com
Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial microwave
– Earthbound microwave systems that transmit
high-speed radio signals in a line-of-sight path
– Between relay systems spaced approximately
30-miles apart
Communications satellites
– Satellite serves as relay stations for
communications signals
– Uses microwave radio signals
Wireless Technologies
Cellular and PCS telephone and pager
systems
– Divide the geographic area into small areas or
cells
– Each cell has transmitter or radio relay antenna
to send message from one cell to another
Wireless LANs
– Radio signals within an office or building
– Connect PCs to networks
Bluetooth
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a standard developed by a group of
electronics manufacturers that allows any sort of
electronic equipment -- from computers and cell
phones to keyboards and headphones -- to make
its own connections, without wires, cables or any
direct action from a user.
Bluetooth can connect up to eight devices
simultaneously. With all of those devices
in the same 10-meter (32-foot) radius
http://www1.us.dell.com/content/topics/globa
l.aspx/solutions/en/truemobile?c=us&cs=04
&l=en&s=bsd
Cell Phones
GSM (CDMA) vs TDMA
Cell vs Mobile
GSM CDMA
Maximum talk range from a tower (pls. note you will 35KM (stock cell) 70KM ER , EER
need a carkit for your mobile to achieve these 105KM possible with Approx 110KM
numbers in some cases) special towers
Lower due to
Higher due to DTX and the
Talk Time "pulse" nature of TDMA.
CDMA transmitting all
the time.
ORDER ORDER
Transaction
Transaction
Converter
Converter
system standard
system
transactions transactions
transactions
CONFIRMATION
CONFIRMATION
Network Topologies (p 219)
Topology: structure of a network
to find info:
http://www.geobytes.com/IpLocator.htm
Basic Communications Model
Standards are needed at all Layers
User Layer
Application Layer
Transmission Layer
Internet Telephony
Using an Internet connection to pass voice
data using IP
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Skips standard long-distance phone charges
VOIP (source www.fcc.gov)
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
– Frequency range of a telecommunications
channel
– Determines transmission rate
– Classified in bits per second (bps)
Transmission Rates:
– Narrow-band – low-speed
– Broadband – high-speed
WiFi
WIreless FIdelity (WiFi)-- used generically when referring
of any type of 802.11
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Wi_Fi.html
Additional Readings
Voice over data networks
Networking Hardware Quiz
abc of wireless LAN
ISDN Tutorial
Ethernet tutorial
Internet Protocol
Thin clients
UNIX/NT integration
Cell phones
RWC 1: SAIC, Hewlett-Packard, GE, and Others:
Wireless, Wireless Everywhere
Invasions of privacy