SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND

SOCIETY

PREPARED BY:
CRISEL A. EDNAVE
BSED – BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND PROCESSES OF
SCIENCE
WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC METHOD?

•The scientific method is a process used

to find answers to questions about the
world around us.
Is there only one Scientific Method?

• No, There are versions of scientific process ranging

in the number of steps.
• However, all versions begin with a question to be
answered based on observations of the world
around us and provide an organized method for
conducting and analyzing an experiment.
Which version will we use?
• Formulate a question
• Research the question
• Form a hypothesis
• Conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis
• Analyze data
• Draw conclusion
• Communicate results.
Do real scientists use this process?

• They do not necessarily use each of the individual steps.

• Also, a similar version of the Scientific method has been
adopted by businesses all over the country. It teaches
employees and management to diagnose a problem, think
about ways of solving that problem, then testing those ideas to
try and solve the problem. It’s the same process but with a
twist.
STEP 1. FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS

• What do you want to know or explain?

• Use observation you have made to write a question
that addresses the problem or topic you want to
investigate.
 STEP 2: RESEARCH THE QUESTION
• This is important step, especially when you do an independent
investigation such as a science fair project.
• Researching your question let you know if others have done
this same experiment before and if so, what their data
suggests. I they had a widely accepted conclusion, you may
want to try a different angle with your experiment or test a
different variable.
• You should also research the scientific concepts associated with
the experiment .
STEP 3. FORM A HYPOTHESIS

• What do you think will happen?

• A hypothesis is your prediction for the outcome of
the experiment.
• It is based on your observations and should be
testable
STEP 4: CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT TO TEST
YOUR HYPOTHESIS

•Design a procedure that tests your hypothesis

to see if your prediction is correct.
•Record all you data and observations and put
them into a table that is neat and organized
STEP 5: ANALYZE DATA

•Is your data reliable?

•Put your data into a chart or graph and look
for any trends.
STEP 6: DRAW CONCLUSIONS

• Do your data and observations support your hypothesis?

• If you cannot make a definite conclusion, you may need to try the experiment
again.
• This means you may either need to rewrite your procedure if it was not
specific enough; you may need to change your hypothesis
STEP 7: COMMUNICATE RESULTS

• Report the result of your experiment to let others know that you have learned
• This will be represented as either a lab report, oral presentation, or Science Fair
display board.
• Scientist may want to report your procedure to see if they get the same reults as you.
They may also tweak your experiment a little and have a slightly different focus.
• Also, your report may lead to a new question which may lead to another
investigation. This course brings us right back to the first step again
SCIENTIFIC TRAITS AND ATTITUDES

Scientific traits and attitudes are important

aspect of a personality of someone who wants
to be successful in the field of science
 BELIEF

•A scientist believes that everything that

happens in this world has a cause or reason.
 CURIOSITY

• scientist shows interest and pays particular attentions to objects or events. He

asks questions and seeks answers.
 OBJECTIVITY

•A scientist is objective if he does not allow his

feelings and biases to influences his recording
of observation, interpretation of data, and
formulation of conclusions.
CRITICAL MINDEDNESS

• A scientist bases suggestions and conclusions

on evidences. When in doubt, he question the
veracity of a statement in relation to the
evidences presented.
 OPEN MINDEDNESS

•A scientist listens to and respects the ideas of

others. He accepts criticism and changes his
mind if reliable evidence contradicts his
believes.
 INVENTIVENESS

•A scientist can generate new and original

ideas
 RISK TAKING

•A scientist expresses his opinions and tries new

ideas even at the risk of failure or criticism.
INTELLECTUAL HONESTY

•A scientist gives a truthful report of

observations. He does not withhold important
information just to please himself or others.
 HUMILITY

•A scientist is humble when he admits that he is

not free from committing errors. He recognizes
that there may be better ideas and realizes
that there are individuals whom he may have
to consult to arrive at correct observations and
conclusions.
 RESPONSIBILITY

•A scientist actively participates in a task and

also dutifully performs task assigned to him
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• Century of the Genius

• Industrial Revolution
• 18th and 19th century
• Modern Era
 CENTURY OF THE GENIUS

•Baroque Genius
•Started in the 17th century and lasted to the
early 18th century
•Classical Period
•Lasted into the early 19th century
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

•Process of change from an agrarian handicraft

economy to one dominated by industry and
machine manufacture
•Process began in England in the 18th century
and from there spread to the rest of the world
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES
• Use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel
• Use of new energy source
• Invention of new machines
• Ne organization of work known as the factory system
• Important developments in transportation and
communication
• Increasing application of science to industry
 19TH CENTURY

• It lasted from 1801 – 1900

• Lead to the second industrial revolution through the
invention of useable electricity, steel and petroleum
products.
• Age of machine tools
• Assembly line speed up factory production
• Grave birth to professional scientist
 MODERN ERA SCIENCE

•Science through the 20th century

•Inventions have progressed at an accelerated
rate
•Began the infancy of airplanes, automobiles,
spaceships, computers, cell phones and
wireless internet.
NANOTECHNOLOGY

•Science of micro engineering

•Essential core is atomic and molecular
manipulation
21ST CENTURY LEARNERS

• Digital students
• Can absorb great deal of information at super – charged
speed.
• Masters of verifying types of technology
• Innovators, creative designers, critical thinkers,
collaborators, complex problem solvers
• Students who learn while having fun
INFLUENCES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN
SOCIETY
• Technology – the collection of techniques, methods or processes used in the
production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as
scientific investigation.
• Society – a human society is a group of people involved in persistent social
interaction, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or
social territory, typically subject to the same political authority ad dominant
cultural expectations
• Science and technology have had both a positive and
negative impact on society, especially in the following
areas.
1. Community life
2. Work
3. Health
4. Communication
COMMUNITY LIFE

• The shift from a nomadic life to farming led to the

development of the city
• A. network of transportation, communication, and trade
systems
• B. Specialized labor
• Government and religion
• Social class
• The 19th century witnessed the industrial revolution
a. Invention of textile
b. Manufacturing machines
c. Increase in production
d. Crowded cities
e. Unsafe and unhealthy working conditions
 WORK

• Technical innovations saved physical energy and

lessened people’s workload.
• A. tractor
• B. refrigerator
• C. vacuum cleaner
• D. washing machine
•The concept of leisure developed from labor
saving technology. People use the money thy
earn to take advantage of leisure time.
 HEALTH

• A large part of technology has been dedicated to

the advancement of medicl science.
• Antibiotic
• Edward Jenner
• William Thomas
•Some current innovations could have a
drastic impact on society
 COMMUNICATION
• Inventions and innovations in communication have had a
major influence on society.
• Ancient Greece : Public speaking, persuasive rhetoric,
drama and philosophy
• Ancient Rome: Roman alphabet
• Modern Europe : Printing press
• World today : world wide web
 PROGRESS

• Progress is a series of improvement in human life

marked by inventions and discoveries.
• Positive attributes of technology must be greater
than negative attributes
• Negative Consequences:
• Destruction of environment
• Loss of what it means to be human