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INTRODUCTION
Bituminous mixes (some times called asphalt mixes) are used in the surface
layer of road and airfield pavements. The mix is composed usually of aggregate
and asphalt cements. Some types of bituminous mixes are also used in base
coarse. The design of asphalt paving mix, as with the design of other
engineering materials is largely a matter of selecting and proportioning
constituent materials to obtain the desired properties in the finished pavement
structure.
The desirable properties of Asphalt mixes
Resistance to permanent deformation
Fatigue resistance
Resistance to low temperature cracking
Durability
Resistance to moisture-induced damage
Skid resistance.
Workability
Low noise and good drainage properties
MARSHALL STABILITY TEST
OBJECTIVE OF MIX DESIGN
The overall objective for the design of bituminous mix (DBM) is to determine
and economical blend and gradation of aggregates (within the limit of project
specification) and asphalt that yield a mix having
90
80
70
60
% passing
Kapchi
50 Grit
Semi Grit
40
Dust
30 Specification
20
10
0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Sieve Size
SIEVE ANALYSIS RESULT
Sieves
size(mm weight of aggregates % of aggregates cumulative % of cumulative % of
S.no. ) retained retained aggregates retained aggregates passing
1 63
2 53
3 45
4 26.5 0 0 0.0 100.0
5 22.4 487 4.9 4.9 95.1
6 19 1341 13.4 18.3 81.7
7 13.2 6194 0 61.9 0.0 80.2 0.0 19.8 100.0
8 11.2 1640 103 16.4 2.6 96.6 2.6 3.4 97.4
9 9.5 221 206 2.2 5.2 98.8 7.7 1.2 92.3
10 5.6 117 2922 1.2 73.1 100.0 80.8 0.0 19.2 100 100
11 4.75 174 50 12 4.4 2.5 0.6 85.1 2.5 0.6 14.9 97.5 99.4
12 2.36 517 239 0 12.9 12.0 0.0 98.1 14.5 0.6 2.0 85.6 99.4
13 1.18 55 1411 520 1.4 70.6 26.0 99.4 85.0 26.6 0.6 15.0 73.4
14 0.6 177 300 8.9 15.0 93.9 41.6 6.2 58.4
15 0.3 17 466 0.9 23.3 94.7 64.9 5.3 35.1
16 0.15 16 232 0.8 11.6 95.5 76.5 4.5 23.5
17 0.075 124 6.2 82.7 17.3
JOB MIX FORMULA
% of cumulative %
Sieve % of % of Semi % of by weight of
size kapchi Grit grit Dust total cumulative % by
passing passing passing kapchi aggregates mean of weight of total
(20mm) (10mm) (6mm) passing passing the aggregates passing
42 20 14 24 100 range As per MoRTH
37.5 42.0 20.0 14.0 24.0 100.0 100 100
26.5 42.0 20.0 14.0 24.0 100.0 95 90-100
19 34.3 20.0 14.0 24.0 92.3 83 71-95
13.2 8.3 20.0 14.0 24.0 66.3 68 56-80
4.75 3.0 24.4 23.9 51.2 46 38-54
2.36 0.4 12.0 23.9 36.2 35 28-42
0.3 0.7 8.4 9.2 14 7-21
0.075 0.6 4.2 4.8 5 2-8
Preparation of Sample
The coarse aggregate (42%), fine aggregate (34%),, and the filler material
(24%), should be proportioned so as to fulfill the requirements of the relevant
standards.
The required quantity of the mix is taken so as to produce compacted
bituminous mix specimens of thickness 63.5 mm approximately.
1250 gm of aggregates and filler are required to produce the desired
thickness. The aggregates are heated to a temperature of 175° to 190°C.
the compaction mould assembly and rammer are cleaned and kept pre-
heated to a temperature of 100°C to 145°C.
The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121°C to 138°C
the required amount of first trial of bitumen (3.75%-4.5% by weight ) is
added to the heated aggregate and thoroughly mixed.
Three samples are prepared for each % of bitumen
The mix is placed in a mould and compacted with 75 number of blows on
both the sides
The sample is taken out of the mould after keeping it for a night using
sample extractor.
Binding properties of plastic
Characterization of Blend
Separation test (IRC-SP: 53-1999)
Samples of different composition were prepared and subjected to the
separation test. The following observations were made on the basis of
their softening point values. Homogeneity was obtained approximately
up to 1.5% blend. Beyond this composition, the variation of softening
point was much higher for the top and bottom layer of the test samples
showing that there is a separation of polymer from bitumen on
standing.
Determination of softening point (IS: 1205-1978)
The blend of different composition with different percentage of plastic
waste has been prepared and their softening points were determined as
given in Table-1. It is observed that the softening point increases by the
addition of plastic waste to the bitumen. Higher the percentage of
plastic waste added, higher is the softening point. The influence over
the softening point may be due to the chemical nature of polymers
added.
Penetration Test: (IS: 1203-1978)