Basic Drafting Tools,

Equipment and
Materials
Unlike other subjects, objectives
of drawing cannot be obtained
without the presence of drawing
instruments.
Each tools and materials have
their own functions and uses in
completing a drawing.
 Any activity with the aid of
these mechanical instruments is
called MECHANICAL DRAWING.

MECHANICAL DRAWING - is
the method of constructing a
design or an object with the use
of prescribed mechanical
instruments.
PENCILS
the most
commonly
used tools of
a draftsman.
They come
in different
grades of
softness to
hardness.
PENCILS
American
system of
pencil grades
range from
#1-#3, while
in the
European
system
rages from
9H-9B.
RULER
-used for
measuring and
setting
of dimensions
usually
expressed
in centimeters
and inches, and
drawing
straight lines.
TRIANGLES
-used to draw
vertical and
oblique lines.
The most
commonly used
triangles are
the 45 degree
and the 30
degree by 60
degree.
PROTRACTORS

- used for
measuring
and setting
of angles
COMPASS

- tools used in
drawing arcs
and circles.
Similar to
dividers, they
are adjusted
the same way.
T-SQUARE
- composed of a
long strip called
blade and a short
piece called
head. Used in
drawing
horizontal lines
and also serves
as guide in
drawing vertical
or diagonal lines
for triangles..
TRIANGULAR SCALE
- a type of scale
used in general
drawing. The
scale has various
divisions. Its
main purpose is
to
reproduce the
dimension full of
size on a drawing
or to reduce or
enlarge them.
ERASER & ERASER SHIELD
- used to remove
pencil or ink
smears. The
erasing shield is
made up of metal
or celluloid
with irregular
holes. It protects
the rest of the
drawing when
making an erasure.
TAPES
- These are used to
fasten paper
to the drawing
board or table.
Masking tape,
scotch tape and
other tapes are
used. Thumb
tacks are
sometimes used in
place of tapes.
TECHNICAL FOUNTAIN PEN
- with the tube and
needle point,
is available in
several line width
which are fixed
and suitable for
freehand and
mechanical
drawing and line
work.
DRAWING PAPER
- a hard and
smooth surface. It
does not “groove”
easily when
pressure is applied
to the pencil.
It can withstand
erasures. Oslo
paper is an
example of good
drawing paper.
TRACING PAPER
- thin,
transparent
paper on which
inked or
penciled
drawing is made
for reproduction
in blue print or
white print.
DRAWING TABLE /
DRAWING BOARD
- refers to a table
where the drawing
paper is laid and
fastened. Their
working edge
should be perfectly
straight and their
surface, trim and
smooth as this is
the edge along
which the T-square
is moved.