Lesson Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students must

be able to:
define functions and related terms;
determine if the given relation represents a
function;
evaluate the given functions; and
represents real-life situations using
functions.
 FUNCTION
A function, denoted by f, is a rule that assigns
to each element x in the set X exactly one
element f(x) in the set.
The element f(x) in y is called the image of x
under f.
The set X is called the domain of the function
and Y its codomain.
The set of assigned elements in Y is called the
range of the function f, i.e., the range of f is the
set {f(x): x ∈ X} 𝐜 Y.
 DEFINITION OF A
FUNCTION
A function is a relation in which
in the domain corresponds with an
element in the range. It is an
association between quantities that
can be either be one-to-one or many-
to-one.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
A FUNCTION
Each element of X must be assigned to an
element of Y.
Some elements of Y may not be an image of
an element of X.
Two or more elements of X may be assigned
to the same element of Y.
An element of X cannot be assigned to two
or more different elements of Y.
 DEFINITION OF A
RELATION
A relation is the pairing or
association of some kind between
quantities that can be one-to-one,
one-to-many, or many-to-one. It
is any set of ordered pairs.
 POINTS TO PONDER
All functions are relation, but
not all relations are function.
One-to-one and many-to-one
relations can be considered as
functions.
 DIFFERENT WAYS OF
EXPRESSING FUNCTIONS
AND RELATIONS
a) Set of Ordered Pairs
b) Table of Values
c) Mappings
d) Graphs
e) Equations
 SET OF
ORDERED PAIRS
 A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
The domain is the set of all x values in the relation

domain = {-1,0,2,4,9}
These are the x values written in a set from smallest to largest.

This is a
{(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)} relation

These are the y values written in a set from

smallest to largest
range = {-6,-2,3,5,9}

The range is the set of all y values in the relation

 SET OF ORDERED PAIRS
Determine if the following relations
represent a function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)}
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)}
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)}
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)}
 TABLE OF VALUES
• EXAMPLE 1
X 1 3 5 7 9 11
Y 2 4 6 8 10 12
• EXAMPLE 2
X 10 20 30 40
Y ±𝟏 ±𝟐 ±𝟑 ±𝟒
MAPPING
 A relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Domain (set of all x’s) Range (set of all y’s)

This relation can be written {(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)}

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1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a Whew!
functionWhat
---it meets oursay?
did that Must use all the x’s
conditions
The x value can only be assigned to one y
 Let’s look at another relation and decide if it is a function.
The second condition says each x can have only one y, but it
CAN be the same y as another x gets assigned to.

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function
---it meets our Must use all the x’s
conditions
The x value can only be assigned to one y
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1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

2 was assigned both 4 and 10

Is the relation shown above a function? NO Why not???
 Check this relation out to determine if it is a function.
It is not---3 didn’t get assigned to anything
Comparing to our example, a student in maths must receive a grade

1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is not a
function---it Must use all the x’s
doesn’t assign
each x with a y The x value can only be assigned to one y
 Check this relation out to determine if it is a function.
This is fine—each student gets only one grade. More than one can
get an A and I don’t have to give any D’s (so all y’s don’t need to be
used).
1
2
2
4
3
6
4 8
5 10

Set A is the domain Set B is the range

This is a function Must use all the x’s

The x value can only be assigned to one y

EQUATION
 We can consider an
equation a function if:
1. There is y in the equation.
2. The exponent of y is an odd number.
3. Y is not in the absolute value symbol;
and
4. The relationship is in equality form.
 Process in evaluating
functions:
1. Substitute the given numerical
value for the given variables.
2. Simply the resulting expression.
Follow the rule of PEMDAS.
 Examples:
1. Find the numerical value of f(x)=
-x + 15 at f(-3).
𝟐
2. Given the function, f(x) = 𝒙 -3x+5
𝟏
a. f( )
𝟐
b. f( 𝟐)
 Exercise:
Evaluate the following functions.
1. Given the function, f(x) = 𝒙𝟐 -3x-21
𝟏
a. f( ) c. f( 𝟓)
𝟑
b. f(7)
𝟑
2. Given f(x)=
𝒙 −𝟕
a. f(-4)
𝟏
b. f( )
𝟑