Batching, Mixing, Transporting,

and Handling Concrete

 Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 94

Specify:
 Coarse aggregate size

 Slump

 Air content

 Basis for proportioning,

select Options A ,B, or C.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 94

Option A—performance based:

Purchaser specifies:
 Compressive strength

Concrete producer selects mix

proportions.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 94

Option B—prescription based:

Purchaser specifies mixture

proportions including:
 Cement content

 Water content

 Admixture type and content

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ordering Ready Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 94

Option C—mixed option:

Purchaser specifies:
 Compressive strength

 Cement content

 Admixture type and content

Concrete producer selects mix

Batching, Mixing, proportions.
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Batching

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Stationary Mixing
 Stationary Mixers
 Onsite or Central Mix plant
 Used for complete or shrink
mixing
 Mixer Types ― up to 9m3
 Tilting or non-tilting drum

 Typical complete mixing times

 Minimum of 1 min. for up to 1

yd3 or less mixer capacity plus

15 sec. for each additional yd3
Batching, Mixing, or fraction thereof
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ready Mixed Concrete

 Shrink-mixed concrete
 mixed partially in a
stationary mixer and
completed in a truck mixer
 Truck-mixed concrete
 mixed completely in a
truck mixer

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ready Mixed Concrete

 Central-mixed concrete
 mixed completely in a
stationary mixer
 delivered in

 a truck agitator
 a truck mixer operating
at agitating speed
 a nonagitating truck
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Ready
Mix Plant

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Truck Mixed Concrete
ASTM C 94

 70 to 100 revolutions required for mixing,

mixing speed = 6 to 18 rpm

 After mixing, drum revolves at agitating

speed, 2 to 6 rpm

 Discharge before exceeding 300 drum

revolutions
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and  Discharge before 1½ hours
Handling Concrete
 Nonagitating Truck
 Used for: Transport concrete
on short hauls over smooth
roadways.

 Advantages: Cost of
nonagitating equipment is
lower than that of truck
agitators or mixers.

 Watch for: Slump should be

limited. Possibility of
Batching, Mixing, segregation.
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Agitator Trucks
 Used for: Transporting concrete for all
uses. Haul distances must allow
discharge of concrete within 1½ hours.

 Advantages: Operate usually from

central mixing plants.

 Watch for: Timing of deliveries should

suit job organization. Concrete crew and
equipment must be ready onsite to
handle concrete.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Remixing Concrete
ASTM C 94 (AASHTO M 157)
Water may be added at jobsite
provided:
 Spec. w/c-ratio is not exceeded

 Measured slump less than specified

 Allowable mixing and agitating time

(or drum revolutions) are not
exceeded
 Concrete is remixed

Batching, Mixing,  min. 30 rev. at mixing speed

Transporting, and  until uniformity is within limits

Handling Concrete
 Transporting and
Handling
Wheelbarrows and Buggies

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling
Belt conveyor

 Used for: Conveying

concrete horizontally or
higher/lower level.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling
Truck mounted conveyors

 Used for: Conveying

concrete horizontally or
higher/lower level.
 Advantages: Conveyer
arrives with concrete.
Adjustable reach and
variable speed.
Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and
Handling
Buckets
 Used with: Cranes,
cableways, and
helicopters.
 Advantages: Enables full
versatility of cranes,
cableways, and
helicopters. Clean
Batching, Mixing, discharge.
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling
Cranes and Buckets
 Used for: Work above
ground level.
 Advantages: Can handle
concrete, reinforcing steel,
formwork, and sundry
items.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling
Pumps
 Used for: Conveying concrete from
central discharge point to formwork.

 Advantages: Pipelines take up little

space and can be readily extended.
Delivers concrete in continuous
stream. Pump can move.

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling
Flexible tube at End of Pump’s Rigid Pipeline

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and
Handling Concrete
 Transporting and Handling

Batching, Mixing,
Transporting, and Work Above Ground Level
Handling Concrete