DEFINING CULTURE AND

SOCIETY FROM THE

PERSPECTIVES OF
ANTHROPOLOGY AND
SOCIOLOGY
OBJECTIVES:
This report aims to
familiarize students the
basic informations about
Culture and Society.
News:
Museum to get Botong Painting
Lisa Guerrero Nakpil (The Philippine Star) - June 24, 2019 - 12:00am
 National artist Carlos “Botong” Francisco’s last and
unfinished work “Camote Diggers” has been auctioned off for
P21 million from the Leon Gallery. But the artists circle in
his hometown Angono in Rizal province is abuzz as the

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famous work had been given by Botong's widow as gift to
then President Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda,
and is supposedly being kept in Malacañang.

 But the big question in the minds of some of Botong’s

kababayans is, Who could be selling the “Camote Diggers?”

 The Leon Gallery website states that the painting is a

“property of a very distinguished gentleman.”

 It also stated that it was part of the exhibit “Celebration of

Artistic Excellence” by the Yuchengco Museum in 2015.
P1M up for Rizal letter to parents

By: Lito B. Zulueta - Arts and Books Editor / @LitoZulueta Philippine Daily Inquirer /
05:05 AM June 19, 2019

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A letter by Jose Rizal to his parents talking about his routine as a
student in Madrid and his flirtation with Consuelo Ortiga, one of
his many loves abroad, will be auctioned off on June 22. The floor
price is P1 million.

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“[The letter] shows the lighter side of Jose Rizal, the nuts and bolts
of student life,” said Jaime Ponce de Leon of Leon Gallery, which
is holding its “Spectacular Midyear Auction 2019.”

The nation marks the national hero’s 158th birth anniversary today.

Dated Oct. 10, 1888, Rizal’s single-sheet, two-page letter to his

parents Francisco and Teodora is part of the collection of scholar
Jose P. Santos, the son of historian, poet, linguist, and
renaissance man Epifanio de los Santos, after whom Highway 54,
now Edsa, is named.

In the letter to his parents, Rizal tells how he was settling down in
Madrid after arriving from Barcelona to start his medical studies
at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
DEFINITION OF CULTURE:
 Culture consists of the beliefs, behaviors, objects,
and other characteristics common to the members of
a particular group or society. Through culture,
people and groups define themselves, conform to
society's shared values, and contribute to society.
Thus, culture includes many societal aspects:
language, customs, values, norms, mores, rules, tools,
technologies, products, organizations, and
institutions. This latter term institution refers to
clusters of rules and cultural meanings associated
with specific social activities. Common institutions
are the family, education, religion, work, and health
care.
 Popularly speaking, being cultured means being
well‐educated, knowledgeable of the arts, stylish,
and well‐mannered. High culture—generally
pursued by the upper class—refers to classical
music, theater, fine arts, and other sophisticated
pursuits. Members of the upper class can pursue
high art because they have cultural capital,
which means the professional credentials,
education, knowledge, and verbal and social
skills necessary to attain the “property, power,
and prestige” to “get ahead” socially. Low culture,
or popular culture—generally pursued by the
working and middle classes—refers to sports,
movies, television sitcoms and soaps, and rock
music. Remember that sociologists define culture
differently than they do cultured, high culture,
low culture, and popular culture.
 Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a
particular group of people, encompasing language,
religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.

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 The Center for Advance Research on Language
Acquisition goes a step further, defing culture as
shared patterns of behaviors and interactions,
cognitive constructs and understanding that are
learned by socialization. Thus, it can be seen as the
growth of a group identity fostered by social patterns
unique to the group.
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DEFINITION OF SOCIETY:
 Sociologistsdefine society as the people who
interact in such a way as to share a common
culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or
racial, based on gender, or due to shared
beliefs, values, and activities. The term
society can also have a geographic meaning
and refer to people who share a common
culture in a particular location. For example,
people living in arctic climates developed
different cultures from those living in desert
cultures. In time, a large variety of human
cultures arose around the world.
 A society is a group of individuals involved in
persistent social interaction, or a large social
group sharing the same geographical or social
territory, typically subject to the
same political authority and dominant cultural
expectations. Societies are characterized by
patterns of relationships (social relations)
between individuals who share a
distinctive culture and institutions; a given
society may be described as the sum total of such
relationships among its constituent of members.
In the social sciences, a larger society often
exhibits stratification or dominance patterns in
subgroups.
 In anthropology, society connotes a group of
people linked through a sustained interaction.
(Used in this way, the study of society is also the

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central objective of sociology.) Members typically
share a common culture or at least a recognized
set of norms, values, and symbolism that defines
the society's members. Cultural traits may be
similar among different societies, though the
function of seemingly identical traits may differ.
Since at least the structuralist influence of Lévi-
Strauss, anthropologists have recognized that all
human societies are equally ancient. This
recognition leads to the central tenet that any
hierarchical rankings of societies or cultural
types, such as hunter-gatherer versus post-
industrialist, are arbitrary and intrinsically
biased.
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 Culture and society are intricately related.
A culture consists of the “objects” of a society,
whereas a society consists of the people who
share a common culture. When the terms culture
and society first acquired their current meanings,
most people in the world worked and lived in
small groups in the same locale. In today's world
of 6 billion people, these terms have lost some of
their usefulness because increasing numbers of
people interact and share resources globally. Still,
people tend to use culture and society in a more
traditional sense: for example, being a part of a
“racial culture” within the larger “U.S. society.”
 Hiya or Social Propriety - An example of this
is the hiya or shame, if translated literally.
Sociologist-anthropologist Mary Hollnsteiner
described hiya as a sense of social propriety. This
instigates the need for Filipinos to conform to
society’s standards of what’s normal and what
isn’t. You wouldn’t want to do anything that will
cause your bloodline shame.

 Utang na Loob or Debt of Gratitude -

Another traditional characteristic is the utang na
loob or debt of gratitude. Although utang na loob
is not exclusively a Filipino belief, it’s highly
respected and followed by the citizens. This
concept of reciprocity isn’t as simple as the
regular debt, as utang na loob is highly subjective
being based heavily on one’s manners or
etiquette and quantified solely by emotions and
sometimes hiya, or social propriety..
There is also a widely followed idea in the country where the
child owes her parents for supporting him and giving them
their needs from their birth up to adulthood. This social and
emotional indebtedness encourage the children to give back
once they get their diploma. When he gets a job, he is
expected to help support the family as a way of giving back to
his parents after raising him up to adulthood. This is frowned
upon and considered irrational by free-thinkers and
misunderstood by expatriates but the acceptability of this
concept mostly depends on the families themselves.

High Context Communicators Filipinos - are also more

of high context communicators rather than low-context.
Confrontation will be avoided as much as possible, as this
might express negative intentions. Most Filipinos will be very
shy to say “No” to you and would rather say something
considerate and hope that the other person gets it that he
meant “No”.
Examples of this are, “Maybe,” “I will try,” “I will
make an effort to,” “I’m not sure but I will try,”
“We’ll see how it goes,” “I don’t know.” This can be
a problem especially at work, if the other person is
not used to non verbal cues, and/or cannot pick up
the hint that he wanted to say “No” but is too polite
to say it directly.
RESOURCES:
 NEWS: https://www.philstar.com

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https://www.newsinfo.inquirer.net

 DEFINITION OF CULTURE: https://www.cliffnotes.com

 DEFINITION OF SOCIETY: https://www.cliffnotes.com

https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.chegg.com

 CULTURE AND SOCIETY...: https://www.cliffnotes.com

 Other Infos: https://www.reloc8asia.com

GROUP 1:

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Althea Rae Caraecle
Aprille Anne Macawile
Claira May Aguilar
Jingjing Gacula
Jhericko Guevarra
Alexis Agpoon
Geneijherzee Batu