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Climate

Sagurit, Saraiah
Luy, Camille
Del Valle, Laia
Villanueva, Roi
Alvarez, Arvin
Outline
1. Define climate, weather, humidity, precipitation, and typhoon
2. Enumerate and discuss major types of climate
3. Discuss Philippine climate
Climate is the description of the long-term
pattern of weather in a particular area.

Climate Some scientists define climate as the average


weather for a particular region and time period,
usually taken over 30-years. It's really an
average pattern of weather for a particular
region.

When scientists talk about climate, they're


looking at averages of precipitation,
temperature, humidity, sunshine, wind velocity,
phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms,
and other measures of the weather that occur
over a long period in a particular place.
Weather
Weather is the way the atmosphere is
behaving, mainly with respect to its effects
upon life and human activities. The difference
between weather and climate is that weather
consists of the short-term (minutes to months)
changes in the atmosphere. Most people think
of weather in terms of temperature, humidity,
precipitation, cloudiness, brightness, visibility,
wind, and atmospheric pressure, as in high and
low pressure.
Humidity Humidity refers to the presence of water vapor
in the atmosphere. It is measured in either
relative terms (relative humidity) or absolute
terms (dew point temperature).
Precipitation is any type of water that forms in
the Earth's atmosphere and then drops onto

Precipitation
the surface of the Earth.

Water vapor, droplets of water suspended in


the air, builds up in the Earth's atmosphere.
Water vapor in the atmosphere is visible as
clouds and fog. Water vapor collects with other
materials, such as dust, in clouds.

Precipitation condenses, or forms, around


these tiny pieces of material, called cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN).

Clouds eventually get too full of water vapor,


and the precipitation turns into a liquid (rain) or
a solid (snow).
A Typhoon is an intense area of low

Typhoon
atmospheric pressure. Like all low pressure
weather systems observed North of the
Equator, the air rotates around the center of an
area of low pressure in an anti-clockwise
direction (clockwise if South of the Equator).
The more intense the area of low pressure the
higher the wind speeds near the center. A
Typhoon is a low pressure weather system
with sustained wind speeds near its center of
at least 56 knots (about 105 kph).
Major Types
of Climate ●

Tropical (Megathermal) Climate
Dry (Arid and Semiarid) Climate
● Temperate (Mesothermal) Climate
Based on Köppen Climate ● Polar and Alpine (Montane) Climate
Classification
found in a nearly unbroken belt around the
Earth at low latitudes,mostly within 15°N and S

Tropical high temperatures (generally in excess of 18

(Megathermal) °C [64 °F]) and a virtual absence of thermal


seasons.
Climate controlled mainly by the seasonal fluctuations
of the trade winds, the intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ), and the Asian
monsoon.
Dry (Arid and cover about a quarter of Earth’s land surface,
mostly between 50° N and 50° S, but they are

Semiarid) Climate
mainly found in the 15–30° latitude belt in both
hemispheres.

exhibit low precipitation, great variability in


precipitation from year to year, low relative
humidity, high evaporation rates (when water is
available), clear skies, and intense solar
radiation.
Temperate temperature of warmest month greater than or
equal to 10 °C, and temperature of coldest
(Mesothermal) Climate month less than 18 °C but greater than –3 °C.

regions lie beneath the upper-level, mid-


latitude westerlies throughout the year

climates have warm,dry summers and cool,


wet winters.

Total precipitation is not very high and


seasonal temperatures vary widely.
Polar and Alpine controlled by the polar and arctic air masses of
high latitudes (60° N and S and higher).

(Montane) Climate temperature of warmest month less than 10 °C

characterized by low temperatures and


precipitation and by a surprisingly great
diversity of subtypes.

temperature and precipitation characteristics


highly dependent on traits of adjacent zones
and overall elevation—highland climates may
occur at any latitude

contains all highland areas not easily


categorized by other climate types.
Philippine
Climate
The Climate of the Philippines is either tropical rainforest,
tropical savanna or tropical monsoon, or humid subtropical (in
higher-altitude areas) characterized by relatively high temperature,
oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall.
Temperature
-Based on the average of all weather stations in the Philippines, excluding Baguio, the mean annual
temperature is 26.6o C.

The coolest months fall in January with a mean temperature of 25.5oC while the warmest month occurs
in May with a mean temperature of 28.3oC.

-Latitude is an insignificant factor in the variation of temperature while altitude shows greater contrast
in temperature.

-Thus, the mean annual temperature of Baguio with an elevation of 1,500 meters is 18.3oC. This makes
the temperature of Baguio comparable with those in the temperate climate and because of this, it is
known as the summer capital of the Philippines.
Humidity
-Humidity refers to the moisture content of the atmosphere.

-Due to high temperature and the surrounding bodies of water, the Philippines has a high relative
humidity. The average monthly relative humidity varies between 71 percent in March and 85 percent in
September.

-The combination of warm temperature and high relative and absolute humidities give rise to high
sensible temperature throughout the archipelago. It is especially uncomfortable during March to May,
when temperature and humidity attain their maximum levels.
Rainfall
-Rainfall is the most important climatic element in the Philippines.

-Rainfall distribution throughout the country varies from one region to another, depending upon the
direction of the moisture-bearing winds and the location of the mountain systems. The mean annual
rainfall of the Philippines varies from 965 to 4,064 millimeters annually.

-Baguio City, eastern Samar, and eastern Surigao receive the greatest amount of rainfall while the
southern portion of Cotabato receives the least amount of rain. At General Santos City in Cotabato, the
average annual rainfall is only 978 millimeters.
(1) the Rainy season, from June
to November

(2) the Dry season, from


The Seasons December to May. The dry
season may be subdivided
The Seasons Using temperature and rainfall as further into (a) the cool dry
bases, the climate of the country can be
divided into two major seasons: season, from December to
February; and (b) the hot dry
season, from March to May.
Climate Types
Type I - Two pronounced seasons. Dry
From November to April. Wet during rest
Of the year

Type II- No dry season with a very pronounced


Rainfall from November to April and wet during
the rest of the year

Type III - Seasons are not very pronounced.


relatively dry from November to April, wet
during the rest of the year.

Type IV- Rainfall is more or less evenly


distributed through the year.
References
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/noaa-n/climate/climate_weather.html

http://www.weatherquestions.com/What_is_humidity.htm

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/precipitation/

https://www.pgyc.org/what-is-a-typhoon.php

https://www.silent-gardens.com/climate.php

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