Student will face to their partner.

(decide who are

the right person and the left person)
The teacher will say a command that needed to do
of the student.
E.g. “right person bend your left knee”
And your partner should copy your action like a
mirror.
 Light
Light travels extremely fast and over long distances
Light carries energy and information
Light travels in straight lines
Light has color
Light has different intensities/energy
The Electromagnetic waves?

Can carry energy in proportion to their

wavelength.
Arecreated by the motion of electric
charges
Can travel through a vacuum , at the speed
of C= 3.0 x 108 m/s (Constant)
Are forms of ”light”
What is light?
Wave

Particle
 Light
Light travels in WAVES but it is made
of tiny PARTICLES called photons

Photon is a bundle of light

with a certain amount of
energy
 Our eyes can only see light that is of a
wavelength between approximately
400 to 700 nanometers. This range is
called the visible light. The light of
other wavelengths includes Radio,
microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray,
and gamma ray. Though we cannot
see them directly, these are also
members of the light family.
The Law of “REFLECTION”
The Law of Reflection states that- " the angle of
incidence (incoming ray) equals the angle of
reflection (outgoing ray)"

The law works for FLAT,

PLANE surfaces only.

The angles are

measured from a
perpendicular line to the
surface called a
NORMAL.
NORMAL
Plane Mirror
Suppose we had a flat , plane mirror mounted vertically. A candle is placed 10 cm in
front of the mirror. WHERE IS THE IMAGE OF THE CANDLE LOCATED?
mirror

On the surface of the mirror?

Behind the mirror?

Object Distance, Do = 10 cm

Same side as the object?

ANSWER
mirror Virtual Image

Object Distance, Do = 10 cm Image Distance, Di = 10 cm

Do=Di, and the heights are equal as well

Virtual Images
Virtual Images are basically images which cannot be visually
projected on a screen.

If the object gave off light, we could project an image of the object on to a
screen provided the screen was on the SAME SIDE as the box.

CONCLUSION: VIRTUAL IMAGES are ALWAYS on the

OPPOSITE side of the mirror relative to the object.
Real Images
are ones you can project on to a screen.

object

image
 Thecharacteristics of the image, may be different
from the original object. These characteristics are:

ARE YOU LOST?

L-OCATION Behind, between, same side

O-RIENTATION Inverted, upright

S-IZE Reduce, enlarge, same size

T-YPE Real or virtual

 Curved Mirrors – Concave & Convex

Also called DIVERGING mirror Also called CONVERGING mirror

 Terms you need to know
Term Definition Symbol(s)
Center of Curvature The center of the spherical shell of which the C
mirror is a small part

Radius of Curvature The distance from the mirror’s surface to the R

center of curvature

Height of object The height of the object h; ho

Height of image The height of the image h’, hi
Object distance The distance between the object and the p; do
mirror

Image distance The distance between the image and the q; di

mirror

Focal Length Focal length is equal to half the radius of f

curvature
Ray Diagrams

A ray diagram is a drawing that uses

geometry to locate an image formed
by a mirror.

There are different rules for drawing

ray diagrams depending on the type
of mirror you have.
How to draw a ray diagram

For spherical mirrors, there are three

different reference rays.

The intersection of any two rays

locates the image
Rules for drawing reference rays
Ray Line drawn from object to mirror Line drawn from
mirror to image
after reflection
1 Parallel to principal axis Through focal
point F

2 Through focal point F Parallel to

principal axis
3 Through center of curvature Back along itself
(C) through C
 Ray Diagram for Concave
A ray diagram is a pictorial representation of how
the light travels to form an image and can tell you
the characteristics of the image.

object C f
Principal axis

Rule One: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the object, parallel to the
principal axis and then through “f” after reflection.
 Ray Diagrams

object C f
Principal axis

Rule Two: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the

object, through the focal point, then parallel to the
principal axis after reflection.
 Ray Diagrams

object C f
Principal axis

Rule Three: Draw a ray, starting from the top of the object,
through C, then back upon itself.

What do you notice about the three lines? THEY INTERSECT

The intersection is the location of the image.
 Ray 1

Ray 2

C f

The intersection
Of any 2 rays gives the Ray 3
image location
Objects inside the focal point

C f
 Sample Problem

A concave shaving
mirror has a focal
length of 33 cm.
Calculate the
image position of a
cologne bottle
placed in front of
C
the mirror at a f
distance of 93 cm.
Draw a ray diagram
to confirm your
results. The image is inverted
and about half the
height of the object.
Ray diagrams for convex mirrors
 Thefocal point and center of curvature are behind
the mirror’s surface
 A virtual, upright image is formed behind the mirror
 The magnification is always less than 1

f C
Drawing the reference rays
Ray 1 is drawn parallel to the principal axis
beginning at the top of the object. It reflects
from the mirror along a line that intersects the
focal point

f C
Ray 2
 Ray2 starts from the top of the object and
goes as though its going to intersect the focal
point but it reflects parallel to the principal axis

Ray 1

Ray 2

f C
Ray 3

 Ray3 starts at the top of the object and goes as

though its going to intersect the center of curvature

Ray 1

Ray 2

f C
Convex Spherical Image Formation

 Theimage forms at the intersection of any two of the three

rays behind the mirror.

Ray 1

Ray 2

f C
The rays do not intersect in
front of the mirror!!
 Ray diagram for the Image

A candle is 49 cm in
front of a convex
spherical mirror that
has a focal length of
35 cm. What are the
image distance and
magnification? Is the
image virtual or real? f C
Is the image inverted
or upright? Draw a
ray diagram to
confirm your results.

Remember that you only need to draw two of the three rays to find the image.
Mechanics
Put all chairs at the back
Divide the class into 2 groups ( group Fil and group
Eng.)
Each group will be given an activity sheet.
You only have 15 minutes to finish the activity
Allstudent must cooperate to the corresponding
group. The teacher will ask randomly.
Mechanics
Put all chairs at the back
Divide the class into 2 groups ( group Fil and group
Eng.)
Each group will be given an activity sheet.
You only have 10 minutes to finish the activity
Allstudent must cooperate to the corresponding
group. The teacher will ask randomly.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING