Ag Structures

Mr. Dieckhoff
1. Concrete Truck
2. Concrete Sidewalk
3. Bag of Cement
4. Concrete Block

So……what is the
difference of
cement and
concrete?
1. Portland Cement
2. Aggregate
3. Water
 Acts as a bonding agent in concrete
 Makes up 7%-14% of concrete
 Types:
 I – common applications
 II – where heat buildup is a concern
 III – early strength, when needs
strength within 2-3 days
 IV – low heat, confined indoor spaces
 V – used on alkaline soils
 Sand, Crushed Stone, Gravel
 60%-70% of concrete
 Categories:
 Fine: <1/4” – sand
 Course: >1/4” – gravel

 The larger the aggregate size – the stronger the

concrete
 pH of 6-8 works best
 Increase of water, decreases the
cement bonding
 1 gallon of water = 8.33 lbs
 1 bag of cement = 94 lbs
 PSI = Pounds per square inch

 4.5 gal mixture x 8.33 lbs = 37.48 lbs water / 94 lbs

cement = .398 (5700 psi)

 5.5 gal mixture x 8.33 lbs = 45.81 lbs water / 94 lbs

cement = .487 (4500 psi)

 Too much water = aggregate segregation

 Hydration – chemical reaction between cement
and water
 Ways:
1. # bags of cement in cubic yard of concrete
 Foundation walls – 5 bags of cement/yard
 Floors, Driveways, Sidewalks – 6 bags of cement/yard
 Severe Conditions – 7 bags of cement/yard
2. Show relative amount of each component
 1:2:3-6 ratio means – 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 3 parts
gravel, 6 parts water
3. Gallons of water mixed with each sack
 5.0 means 5 gallons of water with each sack
 In groups of 3, research how much of the following ingredients you want to mix to
have the strongest concrete.
 Create a form using 2x4 and a sheet of plywood for the bottom. 2 – 2x4 cut 4” long
and 2 – 22” long.
 Wearing gloves, mix up your concrete mixture in the pan provided.
 Place mixture in the form for at least 3 days.
 Test your concrete beam using the diagram:
 Write up a Lab Report:
 What was your mixture (measurements & percentages)
 How much weight did your mixture support?
 What would you do different if you did this over?
 Other than the mixture, what other factors affected the
strength of your concrete.
 Determines if
the concrete is
of the proper
consistency
 Indicates if
more or less
water is needed
 Components of Concrete
 Types of Cement
 Categories of Aggregate
 Water-Cement Ratio
 Hydration
 Mixing Concrete
 Slump Test
1. Concrete is comprised of only two primary components, (cement and
water), in varying proportions.
2. The percentages of cement, aggregate, and water used in any concrete mix
vary according to the characteristics required for a particular application
and concrete material conditions.
3. Water makes up the largest volume (60% to 75%) of material used in
concrete.
4. The amount of aggregate in the concrete mixture is the primary factor in
determining concrete quality and strength.
5. In order for hydration to occur, the water used for concrete must have a pH
of 6 to 8.
6. During hydration, the water in the concrete mixture evaporates.
7. Bleedwater is excess water that collects on the surface of concrete as
aggregate material sinks in the concrete mixture.