BRAZIL ECONOMIC INEQUALITY

CONTENT

 Overview

 Facts and Figures

 Inequality

 Economic Inequality

 How to Measure Economic Inequality

 World Inequality Report Study 2018

 Measures To Reduce Economic Inequality

 References
 Brazil Overview

 World's ninth largest economy

by nominal GDP.

 $1.929 trillion GDP

 Brazil is the largest and most

populous country in South America.

 Portuguese – Official Language

 Third largest in the America

 210,147,125 Population
“Extreme inequality breeds conflict,
violence, and instability. All Brazilians,
regardless of social class or race, are
affected by the inequality crisis. This is what
unites us.”
- Katia Maia
Oxfam Brazil’s executive director
 FACTS AND FIGURES
(Source: Oxfam International)

75 years At the current rate inequality is decreasing in Brazil, it will take the
country 75 years to reach United Kingdom's current level of income equality .

19 years In Brazil, someone earning the minimum monthly wage would have to
work 19 years to make the same money a Brazilian from the richest 0.1% of the
population makes in one month.
28 million Brazil has lifted 28 million people out of poverty in the last 15
years.

6 vs 50% Brazil’s six richest men have the same wealth as poorest 50 percent
of the population;

36 years If Brazil’s six richest men pooled their wealth and spent 1 million
Brazilian reals a day (around $319,000), it would take them 36 years to spend all their
money. Mean while,16 million Brazilians live below the poverty line.
Defining Inequality ?
Inequality is concerned with disparities in
the distribution of a certain metric, which
can be income, health or any other material
or non-material asset.

 Within country inequality

 Inequality among countries

 Ideas Of Equity

Equality of opportunity

Equality of outcome
 Economic Inequality

Mainly Focus on :-

 Poverty

 Mobility

 Global inequality

 Comparative inequality
 How to Measure
Economic Inequality in a country
 GINI Index

 measures the inequality among values of a

frequency distribution (for example, levels of
income)

 A Gini coefficient of zero expresses perfect

equality.

 A Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) expresses

maximal inequality.
 GINI Index Of Brazil

In 2017, GINI index for Brazil was 53.3 index. GINI index of
Brazil fell gradually from 59.9 index in 1996 to 53.3 index in
2017.
 Share of National Income

 Population is considered as different groups.

 To focus on the share of national income

captured by each group.
What does World Inequality report has to say
Shows the Income Concentration in Brazil
Shows the Average Income Distribution
 National Income Share (2001 – 15)

Bottom 50% (2001-15) ---- 11 – 12.3%

Top 10% (2001-15) ---- 54 – 55.3%
Middle 40% (2001-15) ---- 34 - 32.4%

National Labour Income

Bottom 50% (2001-15) ---- 12-15 %

Top 10% (2001-15) ---- 47-44 %
Middle 40% (2001-15) ---- 37-40 %
Shows the discrepancy between WID and Survey
Income series
 Measures suggested

 Governments need to invest in the future to address

current income – Education, heath and environmental
protection.

 Ensure that people at the bottom of the distribution have

access to well paying jobs.

 Progressive Public Transfers and tax rates for top rich

class.

 Democratic access to education.

 References

 www.agenciabrasil.ebc.com

 https://www.oxfam.org

 https://wir2018.wid.world

 http://wikiprogress.org

 https://knoema.com