GROUP 11

Project Exhibition -II

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 The goal of the project is to serve as an alternative and cost effective solution to
short distance transportation within the campus which is a matter of great concern
at the present moment
 Electric vehicles are a vision into the future.
-use Direct Current electric motors to drive the wheels
-save fuel cost
-cause less pollution and bring lucrative tax cuts
-much safer ride as they can’t travel too fast and have less tyre wear
The project is based on fabricating an electric go kart which is an intermediate
version of electric bike and electric car. It is an open structure which will serve as
a single drive and a luggage or cargo carrier similar to what is seen at
airports(future expansions).
 The present condition of transportation from the hostels to the academic block
doesn’t provide with much options in the absence of the bus facility. In such cases,
transportation of goods between the two extreme ends of the campus poses quiet a
lot of problem. Making in house forms of transportation could help us serve the
purpose.
 The present environmental and technological circumstances have paved the way
for Electric Vehicles because of their beneficial service. Reducing the complexity
of a normal vehicle and increasing efficiency with zero emission, it is one of the
most popular choices for road communication in the present situation.

 HOW DOES AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE WORK????

When the pedal is pushed;
 The controller gathers energy
from the battery
 Controller delivers the
appropriate amount of electrical
energy to the motor
 Electric energy transforms into
mechanical energy through
gears
 Wheel turn and vehicle moves
 AN INTERMEDIATE
VERSION BETWEEN
ELECTRIC CARS AND
ELCTRIC BIKES
 To start with the same, the base of the kart was designed on the software
Solidworks and then fabricated using PVC pipes with the help of basics tools and
knowledge of pipe fitting.
 It is designed so that it can accommodate a single person.
 Calculations were made using the existing formulas for the torque the motor
needed to produce.
 The further work involves installation of a seat for the driver, DC torque geared
motor, motor controller and a steering for its functioning.
 The PVC pipes are supported using plywood which accounts for its greater
strength.
MODEL FOR BASE OF THE GO KART
FABRICATION OF THE BASE
FABRICATION OF THE BASE
PROPOSED DESIGN
OF TYRE- 14 INCH
 It is the torque that forms the part of the force to drive the wheels and set the vehicle
in motion. in simple terms the torque may be defines the turning power of the motor.
 TORQUE:
 When selecting drive motor for the electric vehicle, a number of factors must be
taken into account to determine the maximum torque required. These factors are:
1. Rolling resistance
2. Grade resistance
3. Acceleration force
 Rolling Resistance is the opposing force that the vehicle has to overcome due to the
rolling motion between the wheels and the surface of motion of the vehicle. The rolling
resistance depends on the co-efficient of rolling friction which varies depending upon
the material of tyres and the roughness of the surface of motion.

 Grade resistance is the form of gravitational force. It is the force that tends to pull the
vehicle back when it is climbing an inclined surface
 Acceleration force is the force that helps the vehicle to reach a predefined speed form
rest in a specified period of time. The motor torque bears a direct relationship with the
acceleration force. Better the torque, lesser the time required by the vehicle to reach a
given speed
 Rolling Resistance=Gross Vehicle Weight X Co-efficient of Rolling Resistance
 Grade Resistance=Gross Vehicle Weight X Sin(Grade or inclination angle)
 Acceleration Force= mass of the vehicle X acceleration required
 Mass of the vehicle= Gross Vehicle Weight / acceleration due to gravity
 The Total Tractive Effort is the total force required to move the vehicle with the desired
characteristics and is the sum of the forces calculated in above three sections.
Total tractive Effort = Rolling resistance+ Grade resistance +Acceleration force

 The torque that is required on the drive wheel will be the one that the drive motor
requires to produce so as to obtain the desired drive characteristics. The torque is:
  Rf X TTE X R
Torque Friction factor that account for frictional losses between bearings X Total tractive
Effort X radius of wheel
 Maximum torque =
 (co-efficient of static friction X fraction of the total weight acting on rear of the
vehicle X gross vehicle weight X radius of Wheel)/2

Maximum Torque=( 0.7X 0.6X 25 X 0.1778X100)/2 = 93.345 kg cm

Therefore, we need a motor with a torque of around 90 kg cm
That’s why we chose 18V DC Mega Torque Geared Motor with a Speed: 300 RPM,
Watt: 250W, Torque: 92 kg cm
To verify the power rating and speed to be generated we used the following calculator
https://www.electricscooterparts.com/motor-power-calculator.html
The maximum speed obtained
= 7.60 miles per hour
= 3.42 m/s
( with a rider + cargo weight of 60kg)
 A proposal has been put forward by our team in regards for funding of the project.
 Its an initiative taken towards benefiting the university by promoting steps towards
technology.
 All the required calculations, selection of parts and communication with the
suppliers has been done. The DC torque geared motor, whose cost is the matter of
concern at the moment , has become the obstacle towards completions of the
project.
 Based on the support we are offered, we can expand the project in the coming
time.
 [1] Rony Argueta, “The Electric Vehicle,” Technical Report, Santa Barbara College
of Engineering, University of California, Mar. 2010.
 [2] Dr N J S Gorst, Dr S J Williamson, Eur Ing P F Pallett and Professor L A Clark,
“Friction In Temporary Works”, Technical Report 071, School of Engineering,
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, 2003.
 [3] A. Dommenech, T. Domenech and J. Cerbiran, “Introduction To The Study Of
Rolling Friction”, American Association of Physics Teachers, Am. J. Phys. 55(3),
March 1987.
 [4] https://www.electricscooterparts.com/motor-power-calculator.html
 [5] https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-a-Go-Kart-Electric-Car-Using-
PVC-Pipe-/