GAS TURBINE

SOMESH SHARMA , AEE(E) , NHAVA SUPPLY BASE

G SIDHARTHA , AEE(E) , URAN PLANT
MANRAJ MEENA , AEE(E) , CAMBAY ASSET
CONTENTS

• 1. Parts of Gas Turbine

• 2. Working of Gas Turbine
• 3. Operations
• -Cranking, Combustion etc
• 4. Cooling and Sealing Systems (Lube Oil System)
• 5. Brushless Excitation
• 6. Pre Start Checks
• 7. Maintenance and Troubleshooting Practices
PARTS OF GAS TURBINE

1. BEARINGS
2. INLET GUIDE VANES
3. COMPRESSOR(17 STAGE )
4. NOZZLES
5. COMBUSTION CHAMBER
6. 1ST STAGE & 2ND STAGE
TURBINE
BRAYTON CYCLE
Brayton cycle : The Ideal Cycle for Gas Turbine Engines
WORKING OF GAS TURBINE

• Draws fresh air which enters through inlet guide vanes.

• Inlet guide vanes control amount of air entering the turbine by
changing angles through haydraulic mechanism .
• They maintain proper fuel to air ratio for combustion .
SCADA SIMULATION MODEL OF GAS TURBINE IN ONGC
CRANKING , GEAR BOX ,BLEED VALVES

• Cranking is done by diesel engine which decouples itself after the turbine
sustains its speed .
• The bypaas valuve is used in the starting so entire air is not let through
the compressor in order to prevent vibrations .
• Gear box steps down the 5000 rpm of the turbine to 3000 rpm and it
couples to the alternator rotor
AIR INLET FILTER HOUSE

• Provides 3 stage filtration of air before it enters the compressor

• It prevents erosion of compressor blades from air borne dust particles
• Filtered by suddenly changing direction of high velocity air
• A pulse of air is generated intermittently at regular intervals to clean the filters
COMPRESSOR AND COMBUSTION

• Air is compressed in seventeen stage compressor .

• Proper fuel to air ratio is necessary for combustion
• As pressure of the air increases the size of the blades decreases.
• After the compression fuel is added to compressed air and it is combusted in
the combustion chamber .
• The air from different stages of the compressor is used for cooling as well as
sealing purposes .
TURBINE

• The hot air is passed onto the turbine blades through

the nozzles .
• There are generally two or three stage turbine blades
• The second stage has blades of larger size than the first stage as the hot air
expands its pressure decreases
• The residual air is let out through the exhaust .
• If the exhaust air is not utilised again for generating power it makes it an open
loop system
LUBE OIL SYSTEM AND HYDRAULIC OIL

• Lube oil system provides cooling as well as sealing .

• The lube oil is circulated continuously to exchange heat .
• When the turbine starts up , lube oil is circulated by AOP Auxiliary oil pump
which runs on AC.
• After turbine attains 90 % speed , AOP stops and MOP Main Oil Pump Starts .
• MOP is shaft driven
• When MOP and AOP fail EOP Emergency Oil Pump starts which runs on DC
Voltage
• Lube oil is again pressurised to become Hydraulic Oil
BRUSHLESS EXCITATION

• Why we need Excitation : To provide Reactive power support system to TG for

conversion of mechanical energy from turbine into Electrical energy.
• Why Brushless:
• -To eliminate the energy losses due to contact resistance between carbon
brushes and slip rings
• -To make system sparkless
• -To eliminate the need of extra DC source
 HOW TO ACHIEVE BRUSHLESS EXCITATION

• Field winding of TG is housed on Rotor which is rotating at speed of 3000rpm (for 2

pole) or 1500 rpm (for 4 pole)
• We will use the shaft power to provide the field excitation to TG
• A separate assembly consisting of Pilot Excitor (PMG) and Main Excitor is coupled with
the TG+Turbine system.
• What is PMG: Permanent Magnet Generator with Permanent magnet on Rotor and
Armature on stator.
• What is Main Excitor: A Generator with Field winding on stator and Armature winding
on Rotor.
BRUSHLESS EXCITATION PICTORIAL VIEW
PILOT EXCITER (PMG)

• 16 pole Permanent Magnet mounted on Rotor shaft .

• Why 16 pole ?
• Residual flux is present , if lost Field Flashing is done .
• The output of the armature of pilot exciter is AC of 400 hz frequency
• It is fed to AVR which compares it with Set point and rectifies it to produce
required DC signal .
• AVR firing angle is adjusted from the difference in output and set point valuve
MAIN EXCITER

• The output of AVR which is DC in nature is used as field for Main Exciter.
• The Main Exciter rotor generates AC voltage of frequency 150 Hz .
• It is rectified by the rotory diode mechanism and is fed to the rotor field .
PRE START CHECKS
1. Check gas pressure at metering skid - to ensure proper gas flow
2. Check lube oil level and diesel level – to ensure proper cooling and starting
3. Open cooling water line and release emergency stop button of pumps
4. Inlet guide vanes minimum 44°C
5. Check bleed valves are open- to prevent vibrations of the compressor during
start
6. Check Gas Turbine breaker is on
7. Also DC control power is on for turbine, generator control panel (GCP&TCP)
– for remote operation and tripping
8. Check ratcheting is going on and auxiliary oil pump is running – to prevent
shaft bending
9. Close all doors of GT Compartment – the negative pressure by the turbine
vent fans can draw a operator inside
10. Check for Breakers in Service position and Spring charged.
11. Check CO2 Cylinders pressure in the field – Co2 release in incase of fire
12. Check bypass stack damper is open position.- if bypass damper is closed it will
cause over pressuring.
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN (IN CASE FLAME NOTICED)

• 1. Press Emergency Push Button at Turbine control panel

• 2. Pull the SOV plunger of CO2 pilot Cylinder to activate CO2 release
Electrically
• 3. Inform to Fire Station
MAINTENANCE OF GAS TURBINE

• 1. Off base Readings to be monitored regularly

• a.) Lube oil pressure and temperature
• b.) Cooling water pressure and temperature
• c.) CO2 Cylinder pressure in Every Shifts
• d.) Lube oil and Diesel level
• e.) Hydraulic oil pressure
• f.) Gas pressure
• 2. Maintain Log sheet regularly from HMI (Human machine interface)
 TROUBLE SHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE PRACTICES
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS
1. Drop in compressor discharge pressure
2. High wheel space temperature
3. High turbine exhaust temperature
POSSIBLE CAUSES
- Wearing of the compressor blades
- Blockage in cooling air lines (Extraction from
compressor)
- Faulty thermocouple
- or deformed wheel space seals
Defective thermocouple
Damaged or deformed turbine blading
Bad combustion
 TROUBLESHOOTING

OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

4.Abnormal vibration -Indicating instrument mal-function;

-Turbine shaft misalignment

-Damaged or worn-out bearing

-Shaft coupling loose or misaligned

-Bowed turbine shaft

-Malfunction of inlet guide vane and bleed valves

 TROUBLESHOOTING

OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

5. Loss of fuel pressure Mal-functioning of GCV SRVcontrol system

Chocked fuel strainers and filters

Faulty operation of governing valves.

6. Ignition failure Malfunctioning of electrical control system

Defective spark plug;

Dirty or worn-out burner nozzles

GIV failure
 TROUBLESHOOTING
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

7.Drop-in Lube Oil Lube oil reservoir level low

Pressure
Substantial leakage in the system

Lube oil filter chocked.

8. High diff pressure in Filters chocked with dust particles , needs to be cleaned
turbine AIFH and gen
AIFH
9.Enclosure Temperature Turbine Vent fan failed
High
Turbine enclosure filter chocked
 TROUBLESHOOTING
OPERATIONAL POSSIBLE CAUSES
PROBLEMS

10.Lube oil temp high Heat exchanger and filters to be checked

Bearing temperature may be high

11. Low Lube oil header Lube oil filter chocked

pressure
Lube oil pump failure

Any Leakage
 TROUBLESHOOTING
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

12. Cranking Failure Improper Coupling

Motor Faulty

Supply failure

13. Supply for dc lube oil No DC supply

pump failure
Battery bank discharge
 TROUBLESHOOTING
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

14. Fire And Gas (FNG) Gas Leakage

operation
System Faulty

15.Voltage Build Up failure PMG fuse failure

Excitation failure
 TROUBLESHOOTING
OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS POSSIBLE CAUSES

16. Bearing Temperature Insufficient Oil Supply

High
Deterioration of Oil
Bearing misalignment
17. Circuit Breaker tripped Over Current

Differential Protection activated

Reverse power
Over flux
THANK YOU