INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING SERVICES

LECTURE -1
BUILDING SERVICES - 1
Prof. Sonam Sand
What is Building Services?

Building services are “what makes a building come to life”.

Building services/Building services engineering, play a central role in contributing to the design of a
building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also to make the
buildings comfortable, functional, efficient and safe.

Architects are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the mechanical,
electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly
operation of modern buildings.
They include:

i. Water, Drainage, Plumbing and Sanitation

ii. Heating And Air Conditioning
iii. Natural And Artificial Lighting,And Building Facades
iv. Energy Supply - Gas , Electricity And Renewable Sources
v. Escalators And Lifts
vi. Fire Detection And Protection
vii. Ventilation And Refrigeration
viii. Communication Lines,Telephones And IT Networks
ix. Security And Alarm Systems
Water, Drainage, Plumbing and Sanitation

Water supply – Public water, river, well, etc.; water pressure, capacity available, and location
Hot water supply – Hot water heaters or heat exchangers
Sewage disposal
. – Sanitary, sewers, sewage treatment plant, septic tanks, drainage and filtering fields
Storm/Rain water drainage – Roof, area, and means of discharge; locations
Subsoil drainage – Drainpipes, sumps, pumps, and discharge, etc.
Water Supply and Distribution System
3 Major Stages
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
SOURCES OF WATER: SURFACE SOURCES:
1. Streams
2. Lakes
3. Ponds
4. Rivers
5. Reservoirs
6. Stored rain water and
cisterns

GROUND
SOURCES:
1. Springs
2. Wells
PLUMBING CYCLE
Source

Disposal Treatment

Distributio
Collection
n

Use Supply
WATER TREATMENT PROCESS
WATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION
It is any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water suitable for a given use

AERATION
Water is sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for better taste.
COAGULATION - FLOCCULATION
It is a process by which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine together to form larger particles which can be
removed by sedimentation

COAGULATION
chemical process in which the coagulant reacts with the sediment to make it capable of combining into larger particles.
FLOCCULATION
physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick together.
SEDIMENTATION
The suspended solids are removed from the water by gravity settling and deposition.
Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time
FILTRATION
The water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in
concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended
particles.

DISINFECTION/ CHLORINATION
A method of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to
the water in order to attain a desired degree of disinfection.
Water Supply From Municipal Line To Utility
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
For efficient distribution it is required that water should reach to
every consumer with required rate of flow.

Pumping
System
Distribution system are
classified as :-
Dual
System

Gravity
System
GRAVITY SYSTEM

•When some lake, river, reservoir sufficiently high above the city area is available.
•Water flows in mains due to gravitational pull, no pumping is required.
 PUMPING SYSTEM

Pressure

Water Mains

•Water is directly pumped in the mains

•Number of pumps are required to work at different time & pressure rate in a day
• If power fails the whole supply will be stopped
•Pressure maintained in the pipe line is by pump
DUAL SYSTEM
•Pump is connected to the mains as
•Also known as
well as to the elevated reservoir
combined gravity and
•When less water demand - water
pumping system.
is stored in elevated reservoir
•With increase in water demand –
water comes from both
pumping station as well as
reservoir

•More reliable and economic

•Require uniform rate of pumping
•During power failure and fire
fighting water stored in reservoir
can be used
WATER SUPPLY FROM MUNICIPAL LINE TO A HOUSE FOR UTILITY