CHAPTER 28

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCE

ARTICLE 1 STATIONARY FUEL CELL
Scope
This standard applies to packaged, self contained of factory matched
packages of integrated systems, fuel cell power plants, herein after referred to
as power plant(s), which, through electrochemical reactions and other
processes, generate alternating-current electricity.
This standard applies to power plants when intended for operation on a gaseous
hydrocarbon as the fuel and reactant:

A.) At an ambient temperature not below minus 20F (-29C)

B.) At an output voltage not exceeding nominal 600 VAC, and
C.) At a power output not exceeding 1,000 kW.
Purpose
This document shall provide fire prevention and fire protection requirements
for safeguarding life and physical property associated with buildings or facilities
that employ stationary fuel cell power systems. This standard shall apply to
stationary fuel cells of all sizes
The 2015 edition has up to date guidelines for:

General equipment configuration

Siting and interconnections
Fuel supplies and storage arrangements
Ventilation and exhaust
Fire protection
Fuel cell power systems 50 kW or less
Stationary Engine Generators.
Scope
These requirements cover stationary engine generator assemblies rated 600 volts
or less that are intended for installation and use in ordinary locations in
accordance with the National Electrical Code NFPA 70; the Standard for the
Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, NFPA
37, the Standard for Health Care Facilities, NFPA 99, and the Standard for
Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA 110.
These requirements do not cover UPS equipment. That equipment is
covered by the Standard for Uninterruptible Power Systems, UL 1778.

These requirements do not cover engine generator assemblies for marine use.
1.5 These requirements do not cover snow loading, wind loading, or seismic
forces.
Purpose
This standard establishes criteria for minimizing the hazards of fire related to
the installation and operation of stationary combustion engines and stationary
gas turbines that are fueled by liquid or gaseous fuels and are used as prime
movers for emergency generators, fire pumps, and stand-by and peak power
systems.
ARTICLE 2 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
PURPOSE
This publication establishes design requirements for the structures, systems
and components of a nuclear power plant, as well as for procedures and
organizational processes important to safety, that are required to be met for
safe operation and for preventing events that could compromise safety, or
for mitigating the consequences of such events, were they to occur.
 MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY IN DESIGN
Requirement 1: Responsibilities in the management of safety in plant design
An applicant for a licence to construct and/or operate a nuclear power plant
shall be responsible for ensuring that the design submitted to the regulatory
body meets all applicable safety requirements
Requirement 2: Management system for plant design
The design organization shall establish and implement a management system
for ensuring that all safety requirements established for the design of the
plant are considered and implemented in all phases of the design process and
that they are met in the final design.
Requirement 3: Safety of the plant design throughout the lifetime of the plant
The operating organization shall establish a formal system for ensuring the
continuing safety of the plant design throughout the lifetime of the nuclear
power plant.
 PRINCIPLE TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
Requirement 4: Fundamental safety functions
Fulfilment of the following fundamental safety functions for a nuclear power
plant shall be ensured for all plant states: (i) control of reactivity, (ii) removal
of heat from the reactor and from the fuel store and (iii) confinement of
radioactive material, shielding against radiation and control of planned
radioactive releases, as well as limitation of accidental radioactive releases
Requirement 5: Radiation protection
The design of a nuclear power plant shall be such as to ensure that radiation
doses to workers at the plant and to members of the public do not exceed
the dose limits, that they are kept as low as reasonably achievable in
operational states for the entire lifetime of the plant, and that they remain
below
Requirement 6: Design for a nuclear power plant
The design for a nuclear power plant shall ensure that the plant and items
important to safety have the appropriate characteristics to ensure that safety
functions can be performed with the necessary reliability, that the plant can
be operated safely within the operational limits and conditions for the full
duration of its design life and can be safely decommissioned, and that
impacts on the environment are minimized.
Requirement 7: Interfaces of safety with security and safeguards
Safety measures, nuclear security measures and arrangements for the State
system of accounting for, and control of, nuclear material for a nuclear
power plant shall be designed and implemented in an integrated manner so
that they do not compromise one another
Requirement 8: Proven engineering practices
Items important to safety for a nuclear power plant shall be designed in
accordance with the relevant national and international codes and standards.
ARTICLE 3 FOSSIL-FIRED POWER PLANT
Commisioning Plan
The commissioning programme of a fossil –fired power plant should be
divided into stages. A review of the test results of each stage should be
completed before continuing to the next stage. The review should enable a
judgement to be made on whether the commissioning programme should
continue to the next stage, and whether the succeeding stages should be
modified as a consequence of the test results or because some tests in the
stage had not been undertaken or had not been completed.
I. On the basis of the broad range of commissioning practices in States, the
commissioning process can be divided into the following stages:
pre-operational tests
fuel loading and subcritical tests
initial criticality and low power tests
power tests.
PRE-OPERATIONAL TESTS
 Before the commencement of the initial testing of any structure, system or
component the following steps should be taken:
a.) Construction activities associated with the system, including quality assurance,
should be completed and documented to the extent necessary and practicable
b.) It should be ensured that the equipment is ready for operation: inspection for
proper fabrication (including welding) and cleanness, checking of electrical and
protective devices, adjustment of settings on valve torque limiting devices, calibration
of instruments, verification of operability of instrument loops and required response
times, adjustment and settings of process controllers and limit switches.
 c.) It should be ensured that test equipment is operable and properly
calibrated and that response times are as required.
The stages of the pre-operational tests may be divided into the following
substages:
• cold performance tests
• hot performance tests
Cold performance tests
Cold performance tests include the initial startup of fluid systems and
support systems. The objective of this stage is to obtain initial operational
data on equipment, ensure compatibility of operation with interfacing
systems and verify the functional performance of these systems. The tests
usually include pressure testing of the primary and secondary systems
Hot performance tests
Hot performance tests should be undertaken to verify the conformance of
systems with specified requirements. Where possible, these tests should
follow cold performance tests, simulating as far as practicable plant operating
conditions, including anticipated operational occurrences at typical
temperatures, pressures and flow rates.
FUEL LOADING AND SUBCRITICAL TESTS
a.) The purpose of the stage of fuel loading and subcritical tests is to
ensure that the fuel is loaded into the reactor safely in accordance with the
loading pattern precalculated in the design. In addition, at this stage it should
be confirmed that the reactor is in a suitable condition to be started up and that
all prerequisites for permitting the reactor to go critical have been met
b.) With the core loaded and the reactor maintained in a subcritical
condition, a series of performance tests should be carried out. These should
include checks on coolant flow rates, instrumentation, rod control mechanisms,
automatic rod insertion and other important features of the primary circuit
INITIAL CRITICALITY AND LOW POWER TESTS
 At the stage of initial criticality and low power tests, the initial criticality of the loaded core is
achieved for the first time. The subsequent low power tests should be carried out to confirm that:
a.) The performance of the reactor core is commensurate with predictions made in the core
design
b.) The reactor core is in a proper condition for operation at higher power levels and the
characteristics of the reactor core coolant, reactivity control systems and shielding are appropriate
c.) The reactor physics parameters are in accordance with predictions made in the design
POWER TESTS
A comprehensive range of power tests should be made to confirm that the
plant can be operated in accordance with the design intent and that the plant
can continue to be operated in a safe manner. Those tests that are necessary
to demonstrate safe operability should be completed without delay. This
stage should in general be limited to those tests which can be carried out
only at power
ARTICLE 4 INTERNAL COMBUSTION
POWER PLANT GREATER THAN 7000HP
DEFINITION
Internal Combustion Engine can be two or four stroke cycle piston engine
wherein heat energy is developed by burning then fuel mixture (gas, diesel,
oil, etc.) inside the combustion chamber which in turn procedures
mechanical energy in the form of reciprocating and rotating forces of
expanding gases during combustion to drive a piston, shaft or propeller.
Disel engine is the principal internal combustion engine for stationary power
plant.
Application/Coverage
The Rule on internal combustion engine shall cover or apply to the following:
1.) Portable/mobile generating units which maybe moved from site to site
where electrical power is required.
2.) Standby units, normally idle, which can be activated when there is failure
of central station power where an interruption would mean a financial loss or
danger to life and property (such as in tunnel lighting, operating rooms, key
industrial process, etc.)
 3.) Engine driven generator units installed in power plants where they are
the normal primary source of electrical power generated for industrial and
general utilities services.
4.) Prime movers for industrial manufacturing process and services
5.) All internal combustion engines used in construction and agricultural
services and other similar applications, except those engines used in
transportation such as automobile, aircraft engine, gas or liquid compressor
engine, machine or ship motor engines
Standard Requirement
As a minimum requirement for purposes of installation, plan checking,
inspection and other considerations prior to the clearance of any installation
and use of internal combustion engine, Chapter 2 of the Philippine Society
of Mechanical Engineering (PSME) Code and Rule 1060 of the
Occupational Safety and Health Standard shall be applied.
Inspection
1.) The Regional Labor Office through its duty authorized representative shall
construct inspection of internal combustion engine accompanied by the
representative of the owner/or the supervising plant mechanical engineer for
operation and maintenance and those who installed the internal combustion on
the following phases of work:
a.) During the construction phase of the foundation and/or installation of
the internal combustion engine.
b.) Before being placed into service after installation
 c.) Before being placed into service after modification; and
d.) Periodically at intervals not exceeding 12 months
2.) Upon receipt of Notice of Annual Inspection, the owner or user shall order
the responsible plant mechanical engineer for operation and maintenance to
prepare the internal combustion engine and its surrounding facilities for the
inspection.
3.) While the internal combustion engine is running, the following shal be noted:
a.) Crack on base foundation
b.) Noise level
c.) Excessive vibration
d.) Exhaust gas emission level
e.) Heat level; and
f.) Ventilation system
Internal Combustion Engine Room/Building
1.) All buildings, permanently or temporarily used, shall be structurally safe and
sound to prevent their collapse.
2.) Roof shall be of sufficient strength to withstand normal design load,
typhoon and strong winds in addition to carrying suspended loads.
3.) Floors over which any person is likely to walk shall be sufficiently even to
afford safe walking.
4.) Floors shall be free from holes and splinters, improperly fitted gutters or
conduits, protruding nails and bolts, projecting valves or pipes or other
obstructions which create stumbling hazards.
5.) Floors shall not be slippery under any condition.
6.) Engine room shall be at a minimum of 3.0 meters in height or as specified
by the manufacturers
7.) Adequate spaces shall be provided between engine or equipment to allow
normal operation, maintenance and repair. Clearance around the engine to the
engine room wall or any equipment shall be at a minimum of 1.0 meter. Engine
room shall have two independent doors for easy access
8.) Engine room/building shall be suitably or adequately lighted for the
operation and other type of work performed.
9.) Normally atmospheric condition shall be maintained in the engine room by
natural or artificial ventilation to avoid insufficient air supply stagnancy of air,
excessive heat, toxic gases, excessive dryness and other objectionable odors.
10.) Engine with “weatherproof ” housings which are installed outdoors or on
roofs of structures shall be located at a minimum of 1.5 meters from opening
in walls and atl least 1.0 meter from structures having combustible adjacent
walls.
THE END