DC Machines and Transformers

Unit - 1
2. EMF Equation ,
Methods of Excitation ,
Self and Separately Excited Generators
Evocation
 General Objective:

To understand the Methods of Excitation,

EMF Equation and types of DC Generator
 Specific Objectives
Students will be able to,

1. Understand the concept of field winding excitation. (S)

2. Analyze different types of generators. (E)
3. Write the voltage equation for different types of
generators. (E)
EMF Equation of DC Generator
 Methods of Excitation

 The way in which the windings are excited

1. Separate Excitation
Field windings are energized from separate dc source.
2. Self Excitation
 Field windings are energized from the current produced by the
generator itself.
 Residual Magnetism - The attractive force that exists in an object or
substance after it has been removed from a magnetic field.
 Types of DC Generator
(i) Separately excited d.c. generators
(ii) Self-excited d.c generators
(i) Shunt generator
(ii) Series generator
(iii)Compound generator
Long shunt
Short shunt
Cumulatively compound
Differential compound
Separately Excited DC Generator
 DC Shunt Generator

Brush Contact Drop

It is the voltage drop over the brush contact resistance when current
passes from commutator to external load.
Eg = V + Ia Ra + BCD
V = Eg - Ia Ra - BCD
DC Series Generator
Short Shunt Compound Generator
Long Shunt Compound Generator
Cumulative & Differential Compound
Generator

Cumulative Differential
Φtotal = Φ shunt + Φ series Φtotal = Φ shunt - Φ series

14
 Mind Map
DC
EMF Equation
Generator

DC
Types
Compound

Differential
Separately Excited Self Excited Cumulative

Dc Shunt DC Series Long Short

Electroplating Shunt Shunt
Lighting Purpose

Battery Arc Lighting

Booster Welding
Charging
purposes

15
 Summary
 EMF Equation
 Types
(i) Separately excited d.c. generators
(ii) Self-excited d.c generators
(i) Shunt generator
(ii) Series generator
(iii)Compound generator
Long shunt
Short shunt
Cumulatively compound
Differential compound

 Applications – Electroplating, Battery charging, Welding,

Lighting, Booster
 Problems
1. A four pole generator, having wave wound armature
winding has 51 slots, each slot has 20 conductors. What
will be the voltage generated in the armature when
driven at 1500 rpm and flux per pole is 7mwb?
Answer
Eg = (ΦZN / 60) P/A
Φ = 7 x 10-3 Wb
Z = 51 x 20 = 1020
A=P=4
N=1500 rpm
Eg = 178.5V
 Problems
2.An 8 pole dc generator has 500 armature conductors, and
a useful flux of 0.05wb per pole. What will be the generated
EMF if it is lap connected and runs at 1200 rpm? What
must be the speed at which it is to be driven produce the
same emf if it is wave wound?
Answer
P=A= 8
Eg =( .05 x 500 x 1200 / 60) = 500 volts
For Wave Winding
P=8 , A=2
500 = ( .05 x 500 x N / 60) (8/2)
N = 300 rpm
Problems
Problems
Problems