III.

THE STRUCTURE OF PROPOSITION

1. Proposition
 Proposition
• is sentence meaning;
• appears in the level of clause;
• is number of concepts that get together into one
unit of meaning.

• Tono hit Anton

person actor event person
RM RM RM
 Situational Meaning of Proposition
• the determination of whether the proposition
is declarative; interrogative; or imperative (in
grammatical structure) based on the speaker
intention
• also called illocution power

Tono hit Anton.

Tono hit Anton?
Did Tono hit Anton?
 Illocution power in a language is shown by:
• written > word order, punctuation mark, specific
word notification
• spoken > stress, intonation

• In translation, the presentation of illocution

power should be adjusted to the TL.
• Ind > Eng
> word order, aux. verb (modal, do, did)
III. THE STRUCTURE OF PROPOSITION

2. Proposition of Event
3. Proposition of Situation
 Proposition >> main concept
• of event event
• of situation thing or attribute

Sentence >> predicator

• She bought a car. main verb
• She is beautiful. auxiliary verb
 Proposition of event
• Action
Yanti memberikan buku kepada Anton.
Surya menjatuhkan Joni.
Amir menulis surat dengan pensil.
Ibu pergi ke pasar tadi pagi dengan tergesa-gesa.
• Experience
Anak-anak mendengar siulan itu.
• Process
Pertarungan dimulai.
Es itu mencair.
 Proposition of situation
• Property
The flower is beautiful.
• Ownership
The car is mine.
• Naming
The dog’s name is Fido.
• Identification
The director is Mr. Ali.
• Place
Tono is in the house.
 Complex Proposition
>> complex sentence

• It is important to determine the main

proposition in translating process.

• Anjing besar yang berada dalam kandang itu

bernama Fido.

• Anjing besar itu menggigit anak yang tinggal

di sudut jalan.
 III. THE STRUCTURE OF PROPOSITION

4. Skewing between Illocution Power and

Grammatical Structure
 Interrogative:
• Real question vs Rhetorical question

Grammatical structure Illocution power

• Why didn’t you wash the dishes? ……
……
……
• Could you please close the door? ……
• Why do you come here? ……
• Do you have an assignment, right? ……
 Declarative
Grammatical structure Illocution power
Kamu mengambil mangga di kebun saya. ……
Kamu boleh mengambil sebanyak apapun mangga di
kebun saya dan menanggung dosanya.

Kamu mengambil mangga di kebun saya?

 Negation
• Declarative, interrogative, and imperative
sentence can be negated as well as the
propositions.
• The negation can deny the whole proposition or
a part of the proposition.
• Tono came to Anton’s house this morning.
• Tono didn’t come to Anton’s house this morning.
• Tono came to Anton’s house this afternoon not
this morning.
 Negation
• I didn’t think she would be ready.
• I have no money.
I don’t have money.
• You cant go now.
• I could hardly breathe.
• You don’t need to return the book.
You need not return the book.