PRESENTATION

ON
SOUND
PRESENTED BY BHUPINDER
SOUND IS PRODUCED DUE TO VIBRATION
SOUND IS VIBRATION THAT IS CAPABLE OF BEING
HEARD.

VIBRATION IS DEFINED AS RAPID

BACK AND FORTH MOVEMENT
OF A BODY FROM ITS CENTRAL POSITION.
 HUMAN ORGANS INVOLVED IN PRODUCING SOUND

THE ORGAN IN HUMAN BEING INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION OF SOUND

IS LARYNX.THE VOICE BOX IS SITUATED IN THE NECK AT THE UPPER
END OF WINDPIPE,THE SOUND PRODUCED IS CONTROLLED BY
VOCAL CORDS ,WHICH ARE THIN MEMBRANES STRETCHES ACROSS
THE VOICE BOX.THERE ARE MUSCLES ATTACHED TO VOCAL
CORDS.THESE MUSCLES CAN VARY THE TENSION IN THE VOCAL
CORDS.WITH HELP OF THESE MUSCLES WE CAN PRODUCE DIFFERENT
SOUND
 HOW SOUND TRAVELS IN AIR
WHEN A LOUDSPEAKER IS SWITCHED ON A MEMBRANE IN
LOUDSPEAKER MOVES BACKWARDS AND FORWARDS i.e. IT
VIBRATES.THIS CAUSE THE AIR MOLECULES SURROUNDING THE
LOUDSPEAKER TO VIBRATE.IF WE IMAGINE AIR MOLECULES TO BE
SMALL BALLS AND A SOUND WAVE TRAVELLING THROUGH AIR
ALTERNATELY PUSHES THESE BALLS CLOSE TOGETHERAND THUS
PUSH THEM AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.THE AREAS WHERE THEY
LIE TOGETHER ARE CALLED COMPRESSION AND THE AREAS
WHERE THEY LIE AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER IS CALLED
RAREFRACTION ,THIS REPRESENTATION IS PRODUCED WHEN A
DRUMMER BEATS.
 EAR AND ITS PARTS

OUTER EAR-THE PART OF OUTER EAR VISIBLE TO US IS CALLED

PINNA.THE PINNA COLLECTS THE SOUND WAVES AND DIRECT
THEM TO THE EARTUBE.AT END OF EARTUBE IS EARDRUM.THE
EAR DRUM VIBRATES WHEN SOUND WAVES STRIKE IT AND
TRANSMITS IT TO THE MIDDLE AIR.
MIDDLE EAR-THE MIDDLE EAR IS A CAVITYWITH THREE
IMPORTANT EAR BONES.THESE THREE BONES ARE PLACED IN
SUCH A WAY THAT THEY MOVE WHEN THE EAR DRUM VIBRATES
AND,THEREFORE TRANSMITS THE VIBRATION TO THE INNER EAR.
INNER EAR-THE INNER EAR IS CONNECTED TO MIDDLE EAR
THROUGH A SMALL OPENING.THE INNER EAR IS FILLED WITH A
FLUID WHEN THE FLUID VIBRATES IT EXITES MANY TINY HAIR IN
INNER EAR.THESE HAIR FORMS THE VIBRATION INTO ELECTRICAL
IMPULSES,WHICH ARE THEN TRANSFERRED TO THE BRAIN VIA
AUDITORY NERVE.THIS IS HOW WE ‘HEAR’ A SOUND
 THREE TYPE OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

STRINGED-IN STRINGED INSTRUMENTS LIKE VIOLIN,GUITAR,

SITAR SOUND IS PRODUCED BY A VIBRATING STRING.THE
SHRILLNESS OR PITCH OF SOUND IS ALTERED BY CHANGING THE
LENGTH OF VIBRATING PORTION OF STRING.
WIND-IN WIND INSTRUMENT LIKE TRUMPET,FLUTE AND
HARMONIUM,SOUND IS PRODUCED BY VIBRATING COLUMN INSID
INSTRUMENT.THE PITCH OF SOUND CAN BE ALTERED BY
CHANGING THE LENGTH OF VIBRATING COLUMN.
PERCUSSION-IN PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT LIKE TABLA,DRUM
AND DHOLAK SOUND IS PRODUCED BY A VIBRATING SKIN OR
MEMBRANE.THE PITCH OF SOUND CAN BE ALTERED BY
INCREASING OR DECREASING THE TENSION IN THE MEMBRANE
 ULTRASONIC AND INFRASONIC WAVES

THE SOUND WAVES ABOVE 20000HZ ARE CALLED ULTRASONIC

WAVES.
THE SOUND WAVES BELOW 20HZ ARE CALLED INFRASONIC WAVES.
Factors on which speed of sound depends

1. TEMPERATURE
2. NATURE
3. PHYSICAL STATE OF A SUBSTANCE

THE SPEED OF SOUND AT 25*C IS 346 M/S AND SPEED OF SOUND AT 0*C IS
330 M/S

SUBSTANCE SPEED OF SOUND

WATER 1498
IRON 5000
AIR 346
DIAMOND 12000
 NOISE AND NOISE POLLUTION

UNPLEASENT DISCOMFORT-CAUSING FROM ANY SPACE IS CALLED

NOISE.
SUSTAINED PRESENCE OF HARMFUL,UNWANTED,OR ANNOYING
NOISE IN THE ENVIROMENT IS CALLED NOISE POLLUTION.

MERASURES TO REDUCE NOISE POLLUTION

1.THE USE OF LOUDSPEAKER SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

2.PEOPLE LIVING IN FLATS SHOULD NOT PLAY MUSIC LOUDLY OR
TALK AND LAUGH LOUDLY.
3.WHILE DRIVING PEOPLE SHOULD NOT PLAY MUSIC AND USE HORN.
THE END