Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. What is a PLC
2. Before PLCs (Before PCs)
3. Advantages of PLC
4. Disadvantages of PLC
5. PLC Configurations
6. PLC versus PC
7. Parts of a PLC
8. PLC in Operation
PLC – The Basics
9. Ladder Logic
10. Programming the PLC
11. SiemensSIMATIC S7 300 – An Overview
12.Troubleshooting & Maintenance
13.Closing (Q/A)
14.Acknowledgements
A Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
is a miniature industrial grade computer
that contains hardware and software –
1. What is a PLC ? capable of being programmed to perform
control functions
Control Relays
2. Before the PLC.
Complexity,
Costly
Hardwiring,
Logistical nightmare
Troubleshooting problems
Strict Maintenance routine
Not easy to modify
Etc, etc
2. Before the PLC.
Control devices:
• Modular Configuration
• Fixed Configuration .
5. PLC – Configurations
PLCs are of two main configurations.
• Modular Configuration
• Fixed Configuration
Fixed Configuration
6. PLC versus PC
PLC
• Designed for extreme industrial
environments
• Can operation in high
temperature and humidity
• High immunity to noise.
• Integrated Command interpreter
(proprietary)
• No secondary memory like HDD
• Optimized for a Single task
PC
• Mainly for Data Processing & Calculation
• Optimized for Speed
• Not built for extreme enviroments
• Can be programmed in several languages
• Secondary Memory is Built in.
• Built for multitasks
7. Parts of a PLC.
Basic parts of a PLC
Power Supply
Processor Module
CPU
Memory
Communication Interface.
HMI – Status
HMI – Programming
I/O Modules
Discrete/Digital Inputs Sections of a PLC module.
Analog Inputs (Courtesy: Mitsubishi Automation)
Output Modules
7. Parts of a PLC.
(Courtesy: Hitachi)
7. Parts of a PLC.
Power Supply
Usually, PLC power supplies require input The first step in estimating the load is to
from an AC power source; however, some determine how many modules are required
PLCs will accept a DC power source. Those and then compute the total current
that will accept requirement of these modules.
Most PLCs, however, require a 120 VAC or The following table lists the module types,
220 VAC power source, while a few current requirements for all inputs and
controllers will accept 24 VDC. outputs ON at the same time, and the
Since industrial facilities normally available power supplies for our
experience fluctuations in line voltage and programmable controller example.
frequency, a PLC power supply must be
able to tolerate a 10 to 15% variation in
line voltage conditions.
7. Parts of a PLC.
Power Supply The first step in estimating the load is to determine how many modules are
required and then compute the total current requirement of these modules.
The following table lists the module types, current requirements for all
inputs and outputs ON at the same time, and the available power supplies for
our programmable controller example.
4
CPU (Controller/ Processor)
7. Parts of a PLC. Memory
Typical Processor
Module
7. Parts of a PLC.
CPU (Controller/ Processor)
Memory
I/O Module
Manufacturing,
Mining,
CNC
• The PLC uses ladder logic diagrams, the The scan time needed to complete a full cycle by
conversion from any existing relay logic to the controller gives the measure of the speed of
programmed logic is therefore simplified. execution for the PLC.
9. Ladder Logic
Bottom
performance range
S7-200
+ Programming devices
+ STEP 7 software
+ Communication
+ HMI
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
The new S7-300 compact CPUs
The versions differ with respect to
Comparison - I/Os
3 basic types:
- Onboard interfaces
- Process functions
With different memory
sizes and performances
312C
312C: 16 Kbyte
313C
313C: 32 Kbyte 313C-2 PtP
313C-2 DP
314C-2 PtP
314C: 48 Kbyte 314C-2 DP
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Dimensions and design
Comparison
313C-2 PtP 314C-2 PtP
312C 313C 313C-2 DP 314C-2 DP
125 mm
Comparison
Address space I/O 1024 / 1024 byte 1024 / 1024 byte 1024 / 1024 byte
Number of DIs 10 24 16 24
Number of DOs 6 16 16 16
* Additional input for resist ance measurement
Number of AIs -/- 4 + 1* -/- 4 + 1*
Rated voltage DC 24 V DC 24 V
Permissible range DC 20.4 - 28.8 V DC 20.4 - 28.8 V
Current range --- 0.5 A
Input delay 0.1/0.5/3/15 ms ---
Switch-off delay --- 2 ms
Electrical isolation from yes yes
backplane bus
Groups of 16 8
Max. frequency --- 100 Hz
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Integral analog I/Os
Analog Analog
I/O‘s inputs outputs
Measuring ranges
Process Functions
312C 313C 314C
Counting
Connectable sources Incremental encoder, Incremental encoder, Incremental encoder,
pulse generator with pulse generator with pulse generator with
direction signal direction signal direction signal
Number of channels 2 3 4
Cut-off frequency 10 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz
Frequency measurem. yes yes yes
PWM
Number of outputs 2 3 4
Cut-off frequency 2.5 kHz 2.5 kHz 2.5 kHz
Positioning no no 1 axis
Control - PID PID
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Integral counters
Integral counters in all compact CPUs
- Recording of pulse and incremental encoder
Process Functions - signals (DC 24V) with reference values which
Forward/reverse
can be changed during operation
PWM outputs
Process Functions
- during
2.5 kHzoperation
switching frequency, up to 4 outputs
(depending on CPU)
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Simple motion control
without additional Components
Low-price
Process Functions
Since no additional modules required
Optimum memory requirements and runtime
No additional programming requirements
since function is component of operating
system
Flexible
Parameters (delay, acceleration etc.) can be
changed for each travel
Various operating modes selectable: absolute
or relative positioning, inching etc.
Simple
Prepared functionality can be linked into
application program using standard blocks
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Summary of communications
Interface present on all CPUs - networking of CPU, programming device and OPs
- byte
S7 communication (only server)
Low-cost communication
without additional hardware
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Protocols:
- ASCII
- 3964(R)
- RK 512
- (only 314C-2 PtP)
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
Versatile use:
master or slave function PG
No additional module
or software required!
11. Siemens SIMATIC S7 300
SIMATIC Micro Memory Card
Many functions - small format
Can be used in every S7-300 compact CPU
Functions as program memory, non-volatile and
resistant to overall reset; transportable for simple
MMC program updating
Functions as loading memory - flexible as result
of selectable MMC sized between 64kB and 4MB
Permits project storage on CPU - save your
complete project on the MMC
Access to the MMC during RUN mode of CPU
- Load data into CPU (recipe)
- Write data onto MMC (archive)
• Wear a wrist strap that provides a path to bleed off any charge
that may build up during work.
• http://www.plcs.net/chapters/history2.htm
• http://library.automationdirect.com/plc-software-features-you-want/
• http://advanceelectricaltraining.com/electrical-resources/
• Siemens Automation
• Rockwell Automation
• GE Fanuc
• Koyo
• OMRON