Department of Education

Bureau of Learning Delivery

Teaching and Learning Division

SCIENCE CROSS-SPECIALIZATION TRAINING

REGIONAL MASS Training of TEACHERS

May 21-29, 2019
Amontay Beach Resort, Nasipit, Agusan del Norte
CROSS-SPECIALIZATION OF GRADES 7 TO 10 SCIENCE
TEACHERS ON THEIR NON-MAJOR SCIENCE SUBJECTS

UNIFORM CIRCULAR & PROJECTILE MOTION

Presented By:
MARLYNE M. VILLAREAL
EPS-HRDD
Session Objectives
•Revisit the learning progression of force in
motion in the K-12 curriculum;
•Describe the motion of an object moving in
a circular path.
•Using diagrams, determine the direction of
the force, acceleration and velocity of an
object moving around a circular path.
Session Objectives
•Explain the relationship between the centripetal
force and the speed/velocity of an object moving
in UCM
•Explain the relationship between the
speed/velocity of an object moving in UCM and
the radius of the circular path
•Investigate the relationship between the
projection angle, the height and range of the
projectile
Recall: Determine which among
Newton’s three laws would apply
to the following situation.
A.Newton’s First Law
B. Newton’s Second Law
C. Newton’s Third Law

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. When you dive-off of a diving
board, you push down on the
springboard. The board springs back
and forces you into the air

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
1. When you dive-off of a diving
board, you push down on the
springboard. The board springs back
and forces you into the air
ANSWER: C Newton’s Third Law

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
2. You are driving your car at a very
high speed and hit something, like a
brick wall or a tree, the car will come
to an instant stop, but you will keep
moving forward.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
2. You are driving your car at a very
high speed and hit something, like a
brick wall or a tree, the car will come
to an instant stop, but you will keep
moving forward.
ANSWER: A. Newton’s First Law

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
3. It is easier to push an empty
shopping cart than a full one,
because the full shopping cart has
more inertia (mass) than the empty
one

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
3. It is easier to push an empty
shopping cart than a full one,
because the full shopping cart has
more inertia (mass) than the empty
one
ANSWER: B. Newton’s Second Law

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
When an object is acted upon by a net force, it
accelerates – it changes its state of motion. So
when a force acts on an object, the following
may happen:
• It moves from being at rest
• It stops from being in motion
• It changes its speed (speed up or slow down)
• Maintains constant speed but changes its direction

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

“Wall of Death”

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-b9UgPo6j_JU/Uygi1FhDzvI/AAAAAAAASqo/ofAAITs3y0g/s1600/38.jpg

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

How are the daredevils able
to perform the “Wall of
Death” stunt?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Marble Lift Challenge (5 minutes)

The task of the group is to lift the marble with an

inverted wine glass or a wide-mouthed jar and
transfer it to another glass. The group with the
greatest number of marbles lifted and transferred,
wins.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• What enabled you to transfer the marbles without
touching the marbles?
• What kind of motion is required to transfer the
marbles?
• Is it necessary to sustain the motion of the marbles
inside the jar to keep it from falling? What would
happen to the marble if this motion suddenly stopped?
• As the marble moves around the jar, how many forces
are acting on it?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
•Draw the forces ACTING ON the
marble while moving inside the jar.
Use ¼ Manila Paper to Draw your
illustration
(5 minutes)
• The friction between the jar
and the marble and the force of
the earth on the marble
(Gravitational force) would
balance out each other,
otherwise the marble will drop
• Nothing will balance the
Support force of the glass on
the marble so it would be the
NET FORCE on the marble.
• Since there is a Net Force on
the Marble, what will happen
to it?
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
• The object is accelerating
because it’s changing its
direction of motion in every
point in the circular path
while maintaining its
constant speed (noting that
the object travels the same
distance because the radius
of the circular path is not
changing)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
•a type of motion of an object in a
circular path with a constant speed
but changing direction due to a net
force.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Circular Motion
• In circular motion, the direction of the velocity
changes every point along the circular path. This
change in direction is an indication that the object is
accelerating, and the direction of acceleration is
towards the center of the circular path – thus it is
called as Centripetal Acceleration.
• Following Newton’s Second Law, centripetal
acceleration is caused by a NET FORCE – the
Centripetal Force

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

“Wall of Death”

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

How are the daredevils able
to perform the “Wall of
Death” stunt?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• draw the possible
forces that will act on
the motorcycle and
the rider while moving
along the “Wall of
Death

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Let’s view the “Wall of Death” from the top.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Think
•What will happen to the
motion of an object moving in
circular motion when the
centripetal force “suddenly
disappears”?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• At point A, The velocity vector
of a body moving in circular
motion is directed TANGENT to
the circular path. Hence the
term TANGENTIAL VELOCITY.
• Because of the centripetal
force, even if the speed of the
moving object remains
constant, the direction of the
motion changes, and so the
velocity changes in every point
along the circumference of the
path.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
• In the event that the
centripetal force
“suddenly disappears”,
there will be no net force
that would make the
object accelerate, and so
due to the object’s
inertia, it will continue to
move in a straight path,
tangent to the original
circular path.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
•(THE HAT)
•Which path in the
figure at right would
the ball most closely
follow after it exits
the channel at "r" and
moves across the
frictionless table top?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

•Which path in the
figure at right would
the ball most closely
follow after it exits
the channel at "r" and
moves across the
frictionless table top?
•Answer: B

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• A steel ball is attached to a string
and is swung in a circular path in
a horizontal plane as illustrated
in the accompanying figure on
the left. At the point P indicated
in the figure, the string suddenly
breaks near the ball. If these
events are observed from
directly above as in the figure,
which path would the ball most
closely follow after the string
breaks?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• A steel ball is attached to a string
and is swung in a circular path in a
horizontal plane as illustrated in
the accompanying figure on the
left. At the point P indicated in the
figure, the string suddenly breaks
near the ball. If these events are
observed from directly above as in
the figure, which path would the
ball most closely follow after the
string breaks?
• ANSWER: B

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Are you familiar with the Hammer Throw?

http://media.almasryalyoum.com/News/Large//2012/08/03/228/2012-08-
03t115018z_1015843940_lm2e8830wvnxg_rtrmadp_3_oly-athl-atmham-atm054901.jpg

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

What if Thor really do Hammer throw?

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/e5/6b/a6/e56ba6c90f838fc00b818db4dda52f7d--hammer-
throw-thors-hammer.jpg
• The velocity of an
object moving in UCM
is Tangent to the
circular path
• The Centripetal force
and Centripetal
acceleration are both
directed radially
inward, towards the
center of the circular
path

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Thor is participating in an
Olympic game of Hammer
Throw (Literally!). He aims to
throw his hammer with the
fastest speed as possible.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Tony Stark (Iron Man) wishes to
challenge Thor and test his Physics
competence and he suggested that
Thor should attach a chain on the
hammer so as to make it swirl with
a larger circumference and thereby
producing faster speed in throwing
the hammer.
Is the suggestion helpful for Thor?
http://68.media.tumblr.com/1eccbad7250ac453997a617aaf1e0a9a/tumblr_n75kpgSqMw1spgj0xo7_1280.png

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Activity: Round and Around We Go
• Investigate the factors
affecting the speed
(magnitude of the velocity)
of an object moving in
circular motion
• Use the provided materials
and follow the procedures in
the Activity Sheets provided
• Write your data in a Manila
Paper to be presented after
the activity.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Activity Proper

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU

OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Part 1
1. Is the distance covered by the stopper changing? What
made you say so?
The distance covered is the same all throughout. The
length of the string is kept approximately constant

2. What does the time to complete 20 revolutions represent?

The time to complete 20 revolutions would represent
how fast the stopper is moving. Greater time for 20
revolutions indicate slower motion while lesser time for 20
revolutions represent faster motion.
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Part 1
3. What does the number of washers hanging represent?
The number of washers or candies represent the force
exerted by the string on the stopper – the tension force on the
stopper. It is directed towards the center of the circular path
along the string therefore, it is considered to be a centripetal
force.

4. What happens to the time of revolution as the number of

washers / candies is increased?
The time to complete 20 revolutions decreases as more
washers/candies are attached to the set up.
Part 1
5.Based on the data that you have gathered, what
relationship exists between the speed/velocity and the
centripetal force of an object moving in Uniform
Circular Motion?
The centripetal force and the speed / velocity of
an object moving in Uniform Circular Motion are
directly proportional to each other. As the centripetal
force is increased, the speed/velocity of the moving
body also increases (becomes faster)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Part 2
• 1. Is the distance covered by the stopper changing? What
made you say so?
Yes the distance covered by the stopper is changing. The
length of the string has changed where the stopper is attached
is changed
• 2. What does the time to complete 20 revolutions represent?
The time to complete 20 revolutions would represent
how fast the stopper is moving. Greater time elapsed for 20
revolutions indicate slower motion while lesser time for 20
revolutions represent faster motion

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Part 2
3. What happens to the time of revolution as the length
of the string attached to the stopper is increased? What
does this indicate about the speed of the stopper
moving in Uniform Circular Motion?
The time to complete 20 revolutions becomes
larger/longer as the length of the string attached to the
stopper is increased. This indicates that the speed of
the object moving in Uniform Circular object decreases
(becomes slower)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Part 2
4. Based on the data that you have gathered, what
relationship exists between the speed/velocity and the
radius of the path of the object moving in Uniform
Circular Motion?
The speed/magnitude of the velocity of the
moving object is inversely proportional to the radius of
the circular path. As the radius of the circular path
increases, the time to complete a revolution becomes
larger, thus making the speed slower.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Tony Stark (Iron Man) wishes to
challenge Thor and test his Physics
competence. He suggested that
Thor should attach a chain on the
hammer so as to make it swirl with
a larger circumference and thereby
producing faster speed in throwing
the hammer.
Is the suggestion helpful for Thor?
http://68.media.tumblr.com/1eccbad7250ac453997a617aaf1e0a9a/tumblr_n75kpgSqMw1spgj0xo7_1280.png

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

• Tony Stark’s suggestion is wrong! If a chain is attached to
Thor’s hammer, it would make the radius of the circular
path of the whirled hammer larger, thus the speed of
the hammer’s revolution would be slower. The radius of
the circular path of an object moving in Uniform Circular
Motion is inversely proportional to the speed of the
moving object.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Summing it up:
• The time to complete 20 revolutions becomes larger/longer as
the length of the string attached to the stopper is increased.
This indicates that the speed of the object moving in Uniform
Circular object decreases (becomes slower)
• The speed/magnitude of the velocity of the moving
object is inversely proportional to the radius of the
circular path. As the radius of the circular path
increases, the time to complete a revolution becomes
larger, thus making the speed slower

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Check Up:

• In a Circular Motion, what happens to the

distance travelled by the object when the radius
of the path is increased?
a) The distance travelled is increased
b) The distance travelled is decreased
c) The distance travelled remains the same

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Check Up:

• In a Circular Motion, what happens to the distance

travelled by the object when the radius of the path is
increased?
a) The distance travelled is increased
b) The distance travelled is decreased
c) The distance travelled remains the same

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

 Check Up
• In Circular Motion, what happens to the TIME to
complete the motion when the RADIUS of the
circular path is increased?
a) The time to complete the motion is increased
b) The time to complete the motion is decreased
c) The time to complete the motion remains the same

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Check Up
• In Circular Motion, what happens to the TIME to
complete the motion when the RADIUS of the
circular path is increased?
a) The time to complete the motion is increased
b) The time to complete the motion is decreased
c) The time to complete the motion remains the
same

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Check Up
• In Circular Motion, what happens to the
speed/magnitude of velocity when the radius of
the circular path is increased?
a) The speed / magnitude of the velocity increases
b) The speed / magnitude of the velocity decreases
c) The speed / magnitude of the velocity remains the
same
d) The speed / magnitude of the velocity becomes
zero
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Check Up
• In Circular Motion, what happens to the
speed/magnitude of velocity when the radius of
the circular path is increased?
a) The speed / magnitude of the velocity increases
b) The speed / magnitude of the velocity decreases
c) The speed / magnitude of the velocity remains the
same
d) The speed / magnitude of the velocity becomes
zero
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
Projectile Motion
Motion in Two Dimensions
We restrict ourselves to objects thrown near the Earth’s surface so that gravity can
be considered constant.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – BUREAU OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Objective:
Investigate the relationship between
the projection angle, the height and
range of the projectile
Projectile motion refers to the motion of a object
that is thrown, or projected into the air at an angle.

• The motion of a projectile is determined only by the object’s initial velocity

and gravity.
Projectile motion is a combination of horizontal
motion and vertical motion.
• The horizontal motion of a projectile is constant
because no gravitational force acts horizontally
The vertical motion of a projectile is nothing more than
free fall with a constant downward acceleration due to
gravity.
The vertical motion
of a projected
object is
independent of its
horizontal motion.
• A projectile moves horizontally with constant
velocity while being accelerated vertically. The
result is a motion in a curved path.
• The path of a projectile is called its trajectory.
• The trajectory of a projectile in free fall is a
parabola.
A projectile, once projected, continues in motion by its
own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force
of gravity.
• An object projected
horizontally will reach
the ground in the same
time as an object
dropped vertically.

• No matter how large the

horizontal velocity is,
the downward pull of
gravity is always the
same.
The cannonball falls the same amount of distance as it did
when it was merely dropped from rest The
 Activity
Projectile Motion
In Conclusion
• A projectile is any object thrown horizontally or vertically
upon which the only force acting is gravity.
• Projectiles travel with a parabolic trajectory due to the
influence of gravity.
• There are no horizontal forces acting upon projectiles and
thus no horizontal acceleration.
• The horizontal velocity of a projectile is constant. there is a
vertical acceleration caused by gravity (9.8 m/s).
• The horizontal motion of a projectile is independent of its
vertical motion.
Relationship between angles and the
height:
•As the angle increases, the height also increases.
Relationship between the angle and the
range:
•If the angle is less than 45 degrees, the range is
increasing. if the angle is greater than 45 degrees
the range is decreasing.
Relationship between the angle and the
time: