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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.

COMMERCIAL 3 WAY DUMP

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 WHAT IS HYDRAULICS?

Hydraulics is the study of liquid at rest and in motion

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 FUNCTION OF A
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY
TO FLUID ENERGY
• TRANSMIT THAT FLUID ENERGY TO
A REMOTE LOCATION
• CONVERT THE FLUID ENERGY
BACK INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY
IN ORDER TO DO WORK

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 1922 Champion Grader

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
1928 Champion Motorized Grader

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 Champion Series IV Grader

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 1940 Caterpillar Traxcavator

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
Caterpillar 953C Track Loader

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 1933 Euclid Dump Truck

Hydraulic pump

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
Volvo Construction Equipment's
R40 Euclid Hauler

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 PHYSICAL LAWS
THAT GOVERN
HYDRAULIC
SYSTEMS

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 1. OIL IS NOT
COMPRESSIBLE

confined oil

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
2. FORCE, MOTION, AND POWER CAN
BE TRANSMITTED THROUGH A
COLUMN OF GAS OR LIQUID
solid steel rod
sliding
load

mechanical transmission

cylinder barrel
piston
confined oil

sliding
load

fluid transmission
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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 3. PRESSURE APPLIED TO
CONFINED OIL AT ANY ONE
POINT APPEARS INSTANTLY AT
ALL OTHER POINTS

Confined oil

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 4. OIL MOVING THROUGH AN
ORIFICE EXPENDS ENERGY

300 psi 300 psi

in 100 psi out

[Venturi orifice ]

P = Pressure differential
P = 200 psi

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 Bernoulli Principle

Lo
Pressure

Hi
Pressure

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 5. THE PRESSURE WITHIN A
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM IS CAUSED
BY THE RESISTANCE TO FLOW

1000 LB.

1000 psi

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 6. OIL WILL TAKE THE PATH
OF LEAST RESISTANCE

500 LB.
1000 LB.

A B

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN A
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
• PRIME MOVER - mechanical power input
• HYDRAULIC PUMP - moves fluid under
pressure
• CONTROL VALVE - directs fluid and limits
pressure
• ACTUATOR - converts hydraulic power
into mechanical power ( motor / cylinder )
• RESERVOIR - supplies and conditions oil

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 PUMP
VALVE

CYLINDER
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RESERVOIR
©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
Hydraulic Products Produced
by Commercial Intertech
• Pumps / motors
– Youngstown, OH., Kings Mountain, NC., Minneapolis, MN.,
Chemnitz - Germany, Cheltenham - UK, Mairinque - Brazil,
Warwick - UK, Melbourne - Australia
• Directional control valves
– Hicksville, OH., Chanhassen, MN., Grantham - UK, Melbourne
- Australia,
• Cylinders
– Youngstown, OH., Benton, AR., Minneapolis, MN. - Oildyne,
Minneapolis, MN. - Cylinder City, Geringswalde - Germany

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 PRIME MOVER
• DIESEL ENGINE
• GASOLINE ENGINE
• ELECTRIC MOTOR
Provides: Mechanical Horse Power
Speed in RPM

Input HP = PSI X GPM

1714
Output HP = Torque (in. lbs.) x RPM
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63025
©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 COMMERCIAL PTO
Drive gear, Mounting surface
interfaces with bolts to the side of
transmission gear the transmission

Shifter spool for

push/pull cable

Pump mounting flange

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 POWER TAKE OFF

REMOTE MOUNT DIRECT MOUNT

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
PTO MOUNTED GEAR PUMP

PTO

PUMP

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
- PUMPS -

Fixed Displacement

Variable Displacement

Flow in GPM = Displacement in cubic inches X RPM

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 FIXED DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

• Gear
• Vane
• Gerotor
• Piston

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 GEAR PUMP

P11 ALPHA

G105 PUMP/VALVE
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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 ROLLER BEARING PUMP
Thrust
Plates Port End
Shaft Cover
End Cover Lip Seal

Mounting
Flange Roller
Bearings

Drive
Spline

Drive Gear
Idler Gear

Inlet Port

Out Board
Bearing

Ring Seal Gear Housing

30 (High Pressure)
©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 TANDEM BUSHING PUMP
Bearing carrier
Bushings

Pumping Sections
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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 THRUST PLATE VIEW

OUTPUT

Force Force

OIL FLOW

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 GEAR PUMP CUTAWAY
OUT

IN
Pressure Balanced Thrust Plates

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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
 Gear Pumps Produced by
Commercial Intertech US.

Youngstown Plant Minneapolis Plant Kings Mountain Plant

Roller Bearing Aluminum Roller Bearing Bushing
P15H P05 P20 P315
P37X P11 P30 P330
P125 P17 P31 P350
Pump/valve P50 P365
G101 *ULTRA P51 P415
G102 1PX P75 P430
G104 1SX P76 P450
G105 2PX P25X P465
C101
C102
SC101
SC102 * distributes
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©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.
Leakage in Hydraulic Components

+
2 Control of clearance critical

3
Q =flow
(leakage)

1
0
0 •Length of Seal 1 +
•Clearance 2
35 •Pressure 3
©1998 Commercial Intertech Corp.