Mechanical Engineering Dept.

HITEC 1
MANUFACTURING AND TESTING OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
NANOCOMPOSITES

Supervisor
Dr. S.Kamran Afaq

Group Members
Atif Ashfaq 13-ME-081
Muneeb Ur Rehman 13-ME-136
Obaid Ur Rehman 13-ME-142
Rehan Aftab 13-ME-147

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 2

 Presentation Outline

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

GANT CHART

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 3

 ABSTRACT

 Nanocomposites is an interesting area in advanced research because of

its capability of providing improved mechanical, thermal and electrical
properties.
 Nanocomposites, a high performance material exhibit unusual property
combinations and unique design possibilities.
 Being environmentally friendly, nanocomposites are used in wide range
of applications.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 4

 INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITES
When two or more different materials are combined together to
create a superior and unique material. This new material is called
composite material.

COMPOSITES

NATURAL SYNTHETIC
(WOOD) (ADOBE BRICKS)

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 5

 INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITES
 Composites have just two phases:
1) Continuous Phase(Matrix)
2) Dispersed Phase(Particulates, Fibers etc.)

 Classification on the basis of Matrix

1) MMC -Metal Matrix Composites
2) PMC -Polymer Matrix Composites
3) CMC -Ceramic Matrix Composites

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 6

 TYPES OF COMPOSITES
Composite

Particle-reinforced Fibre-reinforced

Discontinuous
Large particle (Short)

Dispersion- Continuous
strengthened (Alignment)
Laminates

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 7

 NANOCOMPOSITES

 Nanocomposites are formed when its constituents

have at least 1 dimension on the nanoscale.
 Some of the constituents materials include:
 Nanoparticles
 Nanowires
 Nano clays
 Carbon nanotubes and graphene etc.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 8

 WHY NANOPARTICLES??

 They have much higher surface area than larger particles.

 Surface area is the measure of how much exposed area
an object has.
 Chemical reactions take place at the surface level.
 A larger surface area allows more available space for
reactions.
 This can change a material’s mechanical, electrical,
thermal, and chemical properties etc.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 9

 MOTIVATION

 Improve mechanical properties

 Decrease permeability
 Light weight material
 Improve electrical conductivity
 Heat resistance
 Improve optical properties

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 10

 NANOREINFORCEMENT

 Metal : Silver, Copper, Gold, Iron, Platinum,

etc.
 Metal Oxides : TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, SiC, SiO2etc.
 Silicates : Nano-clays, CaCO3 etc.
 Carbon : Graphene, Carbon nanotubes
 Polymer : Rubber, nitrile, Nano cellulose, etc.
 Our Focus will be on following Nano reinforcements
depending upon cost and availability;
 SiC Nanoparticles
 Carbon Nanotubes
 Graphene Nanoparticles

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 11

 APPLICATIONS
Aerospace Industry
 Increase strength of structure
 Decrease weight of aircraft
 Increase efficiency
Auto Industry
 Fuel economy
 High performance
 Improve manufacturing speed.
 Durable vehicles
Electrical
 Producing batteries with greater power
output.
 Forming lightweight sensors
Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 12
 APPLICATIONS
Defense application
 In radar construction
 Antenna systems
Sporting Goods
 Snow shoes
 Golf Sticks
 Fishing rods
 Tennis rackets, snow skis
Wind energy
 Composites reduce the weight of
blades
 Increase energy capture
 Decrease the cost of electricity

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 13

 GAP ANALYSIS

WHAT HAS ALREADY DONE WE HAVE CHOICES FOR

1. Tensile and bending tests for 1. Different fiber orientation
different variation of nanoparticles 2. Particles variation and their
2. Flexural tests for 0O and 90o fiber weight percentage for:
orientation  Impact testing
3. Yield Strength testing  Fatigue Testing
4. Fracture toughness testing  Tensile Testing
5. Improvement of Young Modulus

Open file

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 14

 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

 Fabrication of Nanocomposites.
 Fabrication of specimens using ASTM standards for different mechanical test as
per availability like;
 Tensile test
 Bending test
 Fatigue test
 Impact test
 Testing of specimens and analysis.

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 15

 METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

Stage 1 Literature review

Stage 2 Purchasing of nanoparticles

Stage 3 Fabrication of nanocomposite

Stage 4 Fabrication of specimen for different mechanical tests

Study of the change in the mechanical properties after

Stage 5
the addition of nanoparticles

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 16

 GANT CHART

Work Distribution Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May

Study of Nanocomposites
(Literature Review)
Market survey and
purchasing
Fabrication of composites

Specimen Fabrication
Testing
Final Report
Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 17
 REFERENCES

 ENGINEERING COMPOSITE MATERIALS By Bryan Harris

 Composites Material Design and application By Daniel Gay Suong V. Hoa

Stephen W. Tsai
 Enhanced mechanical properties of polymer matrix nanocomposites reinforced
by graphene inclusions :A review research paper By I.A Ovid ko

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 18

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 19
 ASTM Standards
ASTM Standard for Tensile Testing
Designation: ASTM D-638
Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of
Composite Materials Open file

ASTM Standards for Three Point Bending

Designation: ASTM D7264
Standard Test Method for Three Point Bending
of Composite Materials

ASTM Standards for Fatigue Testing

Designation: ASTM D-3479M-96
Standard Test Method for fatigue of Composite
Materials
Open file

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 Fabrication Processes
2 Autoclave Processing

The process produces composite components of high quality, but it requires

a considerable amount of time.
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 Fabrication Processes
We will use Vacuum bagging

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 Fabrication Processes

Vacuum bagging uses atmospheric pressure as a clamp to hold laminate plies together

The laminate is sealed within an airtight envelope surrounding mold and airtight bag

When the bag is sealed , pressure on the outside and inside of this envelope is 14.7 psi

As vacuum pump evacuates air from the envelope,air pressure in the envelope is reduced

Atmospheric pressure forces the sides of the envelope together, putting equal pressure

The pressure differential between the inside and outside of the envelope determines
the amount of clamping force on the laminate

Complex shapes can be made by vacuum bagging

Mechanical Engineering Dept. HITEC 23