Present Perfect

and
Past Perfect
Group 3 3. Grace Debby
1. Bagas Adi 4. Nabil Daffa
2. Diandra. E
 Present Perfect
The present perfect is a verb
tense which is used to show that an
action has taken place once or many
times before now. The present perfect is
most frequently used to talk about
experiences or changes that have taken
place, but there are other less common
uses as well.
 Present Perfect Forms
The present perfect is formed
using has/have + past participle. Questions
are indicated by inverting the subject
and has/have. Negatives are made with not.
• Statement: You have seen that movie many
times.
• Question: Have you seen that movie many
times?
• Negative: You have not seen that movie
many times.
 Present Perfect Uses
Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the present perfect to say that an action

happened at an unspecified time before now. The
exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the
present perfect with specific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a
child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day,
one day, etc. We CAN use the present perfect with
unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once,
many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet,
etc.
 Examples

I have seen that movie twenty times.

People have not traveled to Mars.

Have you read the book yet?

 Active & Passive in
Present Perfect Tense
Active sentences in the present perfect tense have
the following structure:
Subject + has/have + past participle form of the verb +
object

Passive sentences in the present perfect tense have

the following structure:
Object of the active sentence + has/have + been +
past participle form of the verb + by + subject of the
active sentence
 Examples
Changing an assertive sentence into the passive
Active: I have written a story.
Passive: A story has been written by me.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: I have not received a telegram.
Passive: A telegram has not been received by me.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Have you kept the secret?
Passive: Has the secret been kept by you?
 Past Perfect
The past perfect tense is used to show that so
mething happened before another ACTION in
the past.

It can also be used to show that

something happened before a specific time in
the past.
 Past Perfect Form
The past perfect is formed using had + past
participle. Questions are indicated by
inverting the subject and had. Negatives are
made with not.
• Statement: You had studied English before
you moved to New York.
• Question: Had you studied English before
you moved to New York?
• Negative: You had not studied English
before you moved to New York.
 Past Perfect Uses
Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The past perfect expresses the idea that something

occurred before another action in the past. It can
also show that something happened before a specific
time in the past.
 Examples
I had never seen such a beautiful beach
before I went to Kauai.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she

moved to Thailand?

They lost many of the Games because they h

ad not practiced enough.
 Active & Passive in Past
Perfect Tense
Active voice:
Subject + had + past participle form of the
verb + object

Passive voice:
Object of the active sentence + had + been +
past participle form of the verb + by + subject
of the active sentence
 Examples
Changing an assertive sentence into the passive
Active: I had never experienced such difficulty.
Passive: Such difficulty had never been
experienced by me.

Changing a negative sentence into the passive

Active: I had not listened to him.
Passive: He had not been listened to by me.

Changing an interrogative sentence into the passive

Active: Had she invited them?
Passive: Had they been invited by her?
• Anthony (meet) ____________ Ryan before
you introduce him to us at the party.

• He (never play) _____________________

football until last week.

• I (know) ______________ Sam since 1992

• Doctors (cure) ______________ many deadly

diseases.
• Active: He noise had frightened the horse.
Passive: ___________________________________________

• Active: ___________________________________
Passive: Had the cricket match been won by them?

• Active: They had not won the cricket match.

Passive:
_________________________________________________
• Active : _____________________________
Passive: The letters have been delivered by
UPS.

• Active : Have the police caught the man?

Passive:
__________________________________________

• Active : They haven’t cleaned the clinic.

Passive:
___________________________________________