VALVES

PRESENTED BY:
MERRY ANN M. CABRAL
BSME-421
Presentation Outline
 What are valves?
 Function of Valves
 Classification of Valves Based on Motion
 Basic Parts of Valves
 Types of Valves
 Valve Ends Connections Method
 Valve selection
 Valves maintenance
What is valve?
 device that regulates, directs or controls
the flow of a fluid by opening, closing or
partially obstructing various passageways.
 the word is derived from the Latin “valva”,
the moving part of a door, in turn from
“volvere”, to turn, roll.
Functions of Valves

 Stopping and starting flow

 Reduce or increase a flow
 Controlling the direction of flow
 Regulating a flow or process pressure
 Relieve a pipe system of a certain pressure
Classification of Valves Based on
Motion
 Linear Motion Valves. The valves in which the closure member,
as in gate, globe, diaphragm, pinch, and lift Check Valves,
moves in a straight line to allow, stop, or throttle the flow.
 Rotary Motion Valves. When the valve-closure member travels
along an angular or circular path, as in butterfly, ball, plug,
eccentric- and Swing Check Valves, the valves are called
rotary motion valves.
 Quarter Turn Valves. Some rotary motion valves require
approximately a quarter turn, 0 through 90°, motion of the
stem to go to fully open from a fully closed position or vice
versa.
Basic Parts
of Valves
 Valve Body
 Valve Bonnet
 Valve Disc
 Valve Seats
 Valve Stem
 Valve Packing
 Valve Actuator
Valve Body
 Serves as main element of
the valve assembly
because it is the
framework that holds all
the parts.
 Primary boundary of a
pressure valve.
 cast or forged in a variety
of forms and each
component have a
specific function and
constructed in a material
suitable for that function.
Valve Bonnet

 acts as a cover on the

valve body
 cast or forged of the
same material as the
body
 commonly connected to
the body by a threaded,
bolted, or welded joint.
Valve Disc

 the part which allows,

throttles, or stops flow,
depending on its
position.
 the third most important
primary pressure
boundary.
 usually forged, and in
some designs, hard
surfaced to provide good
wear properties
Valve Seat/ Seal Rings

 Provides the seating

surfaces for the disk to
improve the wear
resistance of the seal rings.
 Can be threaded, press fit
or welded into body of the
valve
Valve Stem

 Provides the necessary

movement to the disc,
and is responsible for the
proper positioning of the
disc.
 Connects the actuator
(handwheel) and disc.
 It is responsible for
positioning the disc.
Five Types of Valve Stems:

 Rising stem with outside screw and yoke

 Rising stem with inside screw
 Sliding stem
 Non-rising stem with inside screw
 Rotary stem
Valve Packing
 Used to prevent leakage from the space between the stem
and the bonnet.
Components are:
• Gland Follower, a sleeve which compresses the packing, by
a gland into the so called stuffing box.
• Gland, a kind of bushing, which compressed de packing into
the stuffing box.
• Stuffing box, a chamber in which the packing is compressed.
• Packing, available in several materials, like Teflon®,
elastomeric material, fibrous material etc..
• A backseat is a seating arrangement inside the bonnet.
Valve Actuator

 Operates the stem and disc

assembly

Main types of valve

actuators:
 Gear Actuators
 Electric Motor Actuators
 Pneumatic Actuators
 Hydraulic Actuators
 Solenoid Actuators
Types of Valves
 Gate Valves
 Globe Valves
 Angle Valves
 Diaphragm Valves
 Pinch Valves
 Needle Valves
 Ball Valves
 Butterfly Valves
 Plug Valves
 Check Valves
 Pressure Relief Valve
Gate Valves
 Linear motion valve
used to start and stop
flow.
Globe Valves
 linear motion type of
valves and is typically
used in both on-off and
throttling applications.
Angle Glove Valves

 Globe shaped body

with inlet & outlet at
right angles to each
other.
 Eliminates the need
for additional piping
normally required to
change direction of
flow.
Diaphragm Valves
 used on shut-off and
throttling service for
liquids, slurries and
vacuum/gas.
 has an extended use for
applications at low
pressures and slurry fluid
where most other kinds of
valves corrode or
become obstructed.
Pinch Valves

 Consists of a sleeve
molded of rubber or other
synthetic material and a
pinching mechanism. The
pinching mechanism, a
bar or gate is lowered
onto the valve body to
cut off the flow through
the system.
Needle Valves
 A volume control valve uses a long sliding needle that restrict
flow in small lines.
Ball Valves

 Uses a ball shaped disc,

with a hole in it, to stop or
start fluid flow.
Butterfly Valves

 The flow is regulated

through a disc-type
element held in the
center of the valve by a
rod.
Plug Valves
 a quarter-turn rotational motion Valve that use a tapered or cylindrical plug to stop
or start flow.
Check Valves (non-return valve)

 Allow the flow to pass

through in only one
direction and stop the
flow in reverse direction.
Check Valve Types
 Swing Check Valves - the disc or the closing element swings
around a point to which it is hinged.
 Lift Check Valves - valves work simply on the principle of gravity.
 Ball Check Valves - a simple and reliable valve with the only
moving part to block the reverse flow, is a spherical ball.
Pressure Relief Valve
 Safety Valve
- Valve is actuated by inlet static pressure and characterized by rapid opening or pop
action.
 Relief Valve
- Valve is actuated by inlet static pressure, having a gradual lift generally proportional
to the increase in pressure over opening pressure.
Difference Between Safety Valve &
Relief Valve (PRV)
Safety Valve
 Usually it is fitted where
pressure rises gradually.
 Directly open at set pressure
 Can be operated manually
 Setting pressure is just above
the working pressure, not
more than 3% of working
pressure
Relief Valve
 Usually it is fitted where
pressure rises rapidly
 Opening and closing is
proportional to pressure rise
 Can’t be operated
manually
 Setting pressure is above 10%
of working pressure
Valves End Connections Method

 Threaded Ends
 Welded Ends
 Flanged Ends
Threaded Ends

 Used for small

application up to 4 in.
they are cheap but
cab be stripped and
leak.
Welded Ends
 When zero leakage is
required for
environmental, safety
or any efficiency
reasons the piping
can be welded to the
valve, providing one
piece construction.
Flanged Ends

 The most expensive

but are the best from
an installation and
removal standpoint.
Valves Selection

 Valve Selection Consideration:

 Pressure
 Temperature
 Type of Fluid
 Flow Consideration
 Operating Condition
Valve Maintenance
 The valve should also be checked regularly.
 If they are damaged they have to be replaced immediately.
 The gland packing needs to be changed after sometimes as the sealing quality will
reduce.
 Continuous opening and closing of the valve leads to damage to the metal of the
valve seat. Lapping paste is applied to the seat to make the surface smooth and
remove any clearances.
 Use only original spare parts from the valve manufacturer.
 Make sure that the springs and stroke of suction and discharge valves are correct.
Do not mix if different.
 Do not grind valve plates.
 Do not change valve stroke and spring type without consultation of the
manufacturer.