Ceramics

Presented by
Sam A.W Bandawe
Mcdonald K Juma
 WHAT ARE CERAMICS
• Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials and
things made from them.
• They may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
• They are formed by the action of heat and subsequent cooling.
• Most ceramics are compounds between metallic and non-
metallic elements for which the interatomic bonds are either
totally ionic bond or predominantly ionic but having same
covalent character.
• Clay was one of the earliest materials used to produce ceramics,
but many different ceramic materials are now used in domestic,
industrial and building products.
• A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingredients are clays,
sand and felspar.
 PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS
• Extreme hardness: High wear resistance, Extreme
hardness can reduce wear caused by friction
• Corrosion resistance
• Heat resistance: Low electrical conductivity, Low
thermal conductivity(High melting pont), Low
thermal expansion ,Poor thermal shock
resistance
• Low ductility: Very brittle, High elastic modulus
 CONTINUED
• Low toughness: Low fracture toughness
• Low density: Porosity affects properties
• High strength at elevated temperatures
• Considerable durability (they're long-lasting
and hard-wearing)
• Chemical inertness (they're unreactive with
other chemicals)
CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS BASED
ON THEIR APPLICATIONS
 COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL
AND ADVANCED CERAMICS
Traditional Ceramics
traditional ceramics are mainly made of
clay
Properties mainly based on the source of
material or type of clay used
Applications: building materials(brick ,
glass), household goods (pottery)
Advanced ceramics
advanced ceramics are composited by
oxides, nitrides, silicides, borides, carbides
and so on, moreover, the chemical
composition, crystal structure and grain
size can be controlled precisely
advance ceramics have many particular
properties, such as high strength, high
hardness, corrosion resistance, electric
conductivity, electric insulation and other
properties
Applications: applied as thermal barriers to
protect metal structures, engine
applications
 CLASSIFICATION OF CERAMICS BASED
ON THEIR COMPOSITION
• Oxides,
• Carbides,
• Nitrides,
• Sulfides,
• Flourides,
 OXIDE CERAMICS
• Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)
It is exceptionally hard, strong, sharp abrasive made from a process in which alumina gel is dried and
crushed. It is exceptionally hard, strong, sharp abrasive made from a process in which alumina gel
is dried and crushed. Ceramic aluminium oxide has the ability to refracture at the sub-micron level.
APPLICATIONS ◦ Medical prostheses ◦ Ballistic armour ◦ Electrical insulators ◦ Grinding media ◦ Wear
components
• Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
Magnesium oxide is produced by the calcination of magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide
or by the treatment of magnesium chloride with lime followed by heat
APPLICATIONS ◦ Heating elements ◦ Thermocouple tubes ◦ High temperature crucibles ◦ Cement
• Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)
APPLICATIONS ◦ Dental Ceramics ◦ Technical Cutters ◦ Tubes and Pipes ◦ Seal Rings, Bearings,
Sealings
• Aluminium Titanate (Al2TiO5)
A ceramic material consisting of a mixture of alumina (Al2O3) and titania (TiO2) forming solid
solution prepared by heating of a mixture of alumina and titania at temperature above 2460°F
(1350°C).
APPLICATIONS ◦ Riser Tubes ◦ Tubes and Pipes ◦ Thermocouples ◦ Dosing Tubes
 CARBIDES CERAMICS
• Carbide ceramics are extremely resistant against high temperature, abrasion and corrosion. They
have a high thermal and variable electrical conductivity, and are mainly used in mechanical
engineering, chemical, and power engineering, microelectronics as well as space engineering.
• Boron Carbide (B4C)
It is an extremely hard, synthetically produced material that is used in abrasive and wear-resistant
products, in lightweight composite materials, and in control rods for nuclear power generation.
With a Mohs hardness between 9 and 10, boron carbide is one of the hardest synthetic substances
known
APPLICATIONS Padlocks , Abrasives o Cutting Tools , Grit Blasting nozzles
• Silicon Carbide (SiC)
exceedingly hard, synthetically produced crystalline compound of silicon and carbon. More recently,
it has found application in refractory linings and heating elements for industrial furnaces, in wear-
resistant parts for pumps and rocket engines, and in semiconducting substrates for light-emitting
diodes
APPLICATIONS Abrasives or Cutting Tools (e.g. Grinding Wheel, Sandpaper) , Burner Nozzle , Spray
Nozzle , Automobile Parts (e.g. Disc Brakes)
• Tungsten Carbide
is an inorganic chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and
carbon atoms. APPLICATION S Drill Bits , Surgical Instruments , Jewellery, cutting tools, abrasives,
armor-piercing rounds
 NITRIDES CERAMICS
• Silicon Nitride Si3N4 It is a white, high-
melting-point solid that is relatively chemically
inert, being attacked by dilute HF and hot
H2SO4. It is the most thermodynamically
stable of the silicon nitrides
• s