STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
Ms. Keylin H. Talavera, LPT
One- Sample t-Test

ҧ
𝑥−𝜇
t= 𝑠
𝑛
Example #1
One of the undersecretary of the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) claims that the average salary of a civil
engineer is 18,000. A sample of 19 civil engineer’s salary has
mean of 17, 350 and a standard deviation of 1,230. Is there
enough evidence to reject the undersecretary’s claim at
α=0.01?

Given: 𝑥=
ҧ 17,350 𝜇 = 18,000 s= 1,230 n = 19
STEP 1: state the hypothesis.
𝐻0 = 𝜇 = 18,000
𝐻𝛼 = 𝜇 ≠ 18,000

STEP 2: THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFACANCE IS 𝛼 = 0.01

and df= n-1
=19-1
=18
STEP 3: DETERMINE THE CRITICAL VALUE
The t critical value is +-2.878
STEP 4: COMPUTE THE ONE SAMPLE z-TEST VALUE
ҧ
𝑥−𝜇
t= 𝑠
𝑛
17,350−18000
t= 1,230 = -2.303
19

STEP 5: DECISION RULE.

Do not reject the null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.01

STEP 6: CONCLUSION
Since we do not reject the null hypothesis, we can conclude that there is not enough evidence
to support the claim that the average salary of a civil engineer is 18,000.
Example #2
A researcher claims that 20 year old women on a special diet
will have an average weight of 110 pounds. A sample of 15
women has an average weight of 112.5 pounds and a
standard deviation of 5 pounds. At α= 0.01,can be the claim
rejected?

Given: 𝑥=
ҧ 112.5 𝜇 = 110 s= 5 n = 15
STEP 1: state the hypothesis.
𝐻0 = 𝜇 = 110
𝐻𝛼 = 𝜇 ≠ 110

STEP 2: THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFACANCE IS 𝛼 = 0.01

and df= n-1
=15-1
=14
STEP 3: DETERMINE THE CRITICAL VALUE
The z critical value is +-2.977
STEP 4: COMPUTE THE ONE SAMPLE z-TEST VALUE
ҧ
𝑥−𝜇
t= 𝑠
𝑛
112.5−110
t= 5 = 1.936
15

STEP 5: DECISION RULE.

Do not reject the null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.01

STEP 6: CONCLUSION
Since we do not reject the null hypothesis, we can conclude that there is not enough
evidence to support the claim that the average weight of 110 pounds.
Example #3
The average family size in the Philippines was reported as
4.25. A random sample in a particular street resulted in the
following family sizes: 5,6,7,4,3,8,2 and 9. At α= 0.10, is the
average family size more than the national average?

Given: 𝜇 = 4.25 n = 8
STEP 1: state the hypothesis.
𝐻0 = 𝜇 ≤ 4.25
𝐻𝛼 = 𝜇 > 4.25

STEP 2: THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFACANCE IS 𝛼 = 0.10

and df= n-1
=8-1
=7
STEP 3: DETERMINE THE CRITICAL VALUE
The z critical value is 1.415
STEP 4: COMPUTE THE ONE SAMPLE z-TEST VALUE

σ𝑥
𝑥ҧ =
𝑛
5+6+7+4+3+8+2+9
=
8
44
=
8
= 5.50

σ(𝑥−𝑥)ҧ 2
s=
𝑛−1
2 2
(5−5.5)2+(6−5.5) +⋯+(9−5.5)
=
8−1

= 2.45
 ҧ
𝑥−𝜇
t= 𝑠
𝑛
5.50−4.25
t= 2.45 = 1.443
8

STEP 5: DECISION RULE.

Reject the null hypothesis at 𝛼 = 0.10

STEP 6: CONCLUSION
Since we reject the null hypothesis, we can conclude that there is enough evidence to
support the claim that the average family size is more than 4.25.
SW#4

A recent article in a leading magazine claimed that the

homemakers spend an average of 22 hrs per week preparing
meals. A director of marketing at a food-processing company
surveyed that a recent sample of 28 homemakers resulted in
an average time preparation of meals of 17.5 hrs per week,
with a standard deviation of 4.3 hrs. Can the director conclude
that the average preparation of meals is lesser? Use 0.05
significance level.