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East and West

HISTORY
 CHRONOLOGICAL RECORD OF SIGNIFICANT
EVENTS WHICH OFTEN INCLUDES AN
E X P L A N AT I O N O F T H E I R C A U S E S

 DIALOGUE BET WEEN THE PRESENT AND THE

PA ST
TOWER OF BABEL
GENESIS 11
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
The Antiquity
• HOMER'S ODYSSEY TRANSLATION

 It was translated by Livius

Andronicus from Greek into Latin.

 The story became accesible to

Romans and it advanced literary

culture in Latin.
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
The Antiquity WORD-FOR-WORD VS. SENSE-FOR-SENSE

TRANSLATION

 Was differentiated by Cecero and Horace

 WORD-FOR-WORD means literal translation is the

rendering of text from one language to another one

word at a time with or without conveying the sense

of the original text

 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
The Antiquity SENSE-FOR-SENSE TRANSLATION means

translating the meaning of each whole sentence

before moving on to the next, and stands in

normative opposition to word-for-word translation.

 Its coiner is St. Jerome

 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
In The Middle Ages Alfred The Great

 King of Wessex who commissioned

translating from Latin to English (Bede’s

“Ecclesiastical History” and Boethius’

“The Consolation of Philosophy”-)

 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
In The Middle Ages Roger Bacon

 “a translator should have a thorough

knowledge both in the source language and

the target language to produce a good

translation , and that he should also be well-

versed in the discipline of the work he was

translating ”
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
Geoffrey Chaucer
In The Middle Ages  translated the “Roman de la Rose”
from French and Boethius’ works
from Latin.

John Wycliffe
 English theologian who translated
the Bible from Latin to English
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
15th century Thomas Malory

 La Morte D’ Arthur

16th century GEORGE CHAPMAN

 Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey in metrical form

MARTIN LUTHER
 Had published his own German translation

Of New Testament
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
JOHN DRYDEN
17th century  known for his distinction between metaphrase,
paraphrase, and imitation

Metaphrase-relevant term from Ancient Greek which

means “word-for-word” translation; Paraphrase- is a
restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the
meaning in another form; Imitation - is something
produced or copy.

ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER

18th century  “translation should fully represent the ideas, style of
the original and possess the ease of the original
composition”
 PERIOD IMPORTANT EVENTS AND
PERSONALITIES
 Birth of many theories and translations
19th century  Bible was translated into hundreds of
languages

 Accuracy and style was the main criterion of

20th century translation

 Calques- literally translated words or phrases

21st century  Loanwords-words incorporated into another
language without translation
Thank You

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East and West