IMAGING

AND
DESIGN

image lifted from: http://octagoneducation.co.uk/ict-services/

CHAPTER 3
• Introduction
• Basic Principles of Graphics and Layout
• Visual Message
• Online File Formats for Images and Text
• Image Manipulation
• Combining Text, Graphics and Images
• Uploading, Sharing and Image Hosting Platforms
• References
INTRODUCTION
• Another contribution of ICT is the concept of imaging. In graphical
imaging, the emphasis is on the manipulation of created images to
achieve special effects by rotating, stretching, blurring, resizing,
twirling, and other changes to the original image.
• It is easier to look at a picture than to read lines of text.
• By gaining knowledge on some principles for designing images and
basic applications for these tasks, one may be able to classify what
best tool to use, how to use them, and how to come up with a
desirable image result.
LAYOUT AND GRAPHICS
• LAYOUT
• The process of planning and arranging in detail something such as a page or
book to be reproduced.
• GRAPHICS
• may refer to any computer device or program that makes a computer capable
of displaying and manipulating pictures.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHICS AND LAYOUT
BALANCE
• It is the equal distribution of visual weight.
• Two main types of balance:
• Symmetrical
• an arrangement of elements so that they are evenly distributed to the left and to the
right, or top and bottom of center.
• Asymmetrical
• an arrangement of unlike objects of equal weight on each side of the page.
TYPES OF BALANCE

SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRICAL
TIPS ON CREATING BALANCE
• Colors have weight (Red = Heavy, Baby Blue = Light)

• Text/type must be legible. Use simple font. Also consider the size
(Larger = Heavier)

• Lines: Thin vs. thick

PROXIMITY
Related items be grouped together, be move physically close to each other so that
they appear as one cohesive group rather than a bunch of unrelated bits.

This business card has 5 separate elements By grouping related information together, the
which compete for the viewer's attention design becomes more clear and organized.
PROXIMITY
Know which pieces of information are logically connected, you know which
information should be emphasized and express that information graphically by
grouping it.
PROXIMITY
By grouping similar elements into one unit, several things instantly happen: The page
becomes more organized; you understand where to begin reading the message; and
you know when you are finished.
ALIGNMENT
When items are aligned, the result is a stronger cohesive unit. The basic purpose of
alignment is to unify and organize the page.

Left aligned type does not connect to the image Aligning the type to the right, along the edge of
on the right. Our eyes are drawn in two the image creates a visual alignment and
separate directions. creates unity.
REPETITION
It can be anything that a reader will visually recognize as being a “theme.” Repetition
can be thought of as consistency. It is a conscious effort to unify all parts of a design.

By making the last element bold, we are using

Where do your eyes look first? When they get to repetition to keep the viewer's eyes on the card
the bottom of the card, where do you look next? longer.
REPETITION
Repetition helps organize the
information. It guides the
reader and helps to unify
parts of the design. Repetitive
elements establish a
sophisticated continuity and
can "tie the whole thing
together."
REPETITION
A repetition of visual
elements throughout the
design unifies and
strengthens a piece by tying
together otherwise separate
parts. Repetition creates unity
and adds visual interest.
Avoid repeating the element
so much that it becomes
annoying or overwhelming.
CONTRAST
• Contrast is the most effective way to add visual interest to your page.
A reader should always be able to glance at a document and instantly
understand what's going on. Add contrast through your type face
choices, line thicknesses, colors, shapes, sizes, space, etc.
Contrast has two purposes:
• To create an interest on the page. If a page is interesting to look at, it is more
likely to be read.
• To aid in the organization of the information. The message should be clear
and easily recognizable.
CONTRAST
This design lacks contrast because the size, By changing the font, increasing the size, and
color, and style of typeface are all the same. It adding shapes or color, we have used contrast to
looks boring and can easily get overlooked. create a more eye-catching design.
WHITE SPACE
• It breaks up the elements on the page.
• It provides visual breathing room for the eye.
• Add white space to make a page less cramped, confusing, or
overwhelming.
• It doesn’t actually have to be white.
• White space is also referred to as “negative space”.
VISUAL MESSAGE
• Visual message design involves the appropriate considerations of
visual perceptions when designing an instructional program.
• The interpretation of pictures is based on prior experiences, culture,
etc.
• When designing an instructional program it is important to consider
the culture, educational ability, and language of the audience.
• The purpose of visual message design is to gain attention, create
meaning, and facilitate retention.
PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL
MESSAGE DESIGN
USING INFOGRAPHICS
Be Unique
• Don’t just generate a basic bar
graph or chart inside a software
application, throw in your data,
and expect anyone to be super
excited about it.
• Design something unique that
will capture the attention of the This Twitter infographic writes
audience you are seeking to out the data, rather than visualizing it.
draw in.
PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL
MESSAGE DESIGN
USING INFOGRAPHICS
Keep It Simple
• Using too many different images
and designs or filling
backgrounds with too much Here, there are two
color or full photographs may ways to visualize the
actually make your data harder data from the previous
to understand. Twitter example.
• The audience can be distracted
trying to comprehend all the
visual information being thrown
at them, hindering their ability
to focus on the main point.
PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL
MESSAGE DESIGN
USING INFOGRAPHICS
Be Creative And Bold
• For a truly impactful design that
gets your message across, it’s
important to make sure that
your main message is bold and
obvious.
• Creative enough to just give it
that special little twist.
• Use shapes or images in place of
some of the letters or words to
emphasize meaning
PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL
MESSAGE DESIGN
USING INFOGRAPHICS
Less Is More
• Keeping your text minimal will
most likely produce more impact
than a page full of words.
• Make sure your message gives
them some piece of interesting
information that will not be
easily forgotten.
PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL
MESSAGE DESIGN
USING INFOGRAPHICS
Sharing
• The final and most important Share buttons we
thing you want from an effective usually see when
infographic is a simple way for visiting a certain
websites. It enables
people to share it with their
us to share the
friends. articles or any post
• Include links reminding people that we want to
that they want their friends to share from the site.
enjoy the information they have
just found.
LEARNING FROM THE PAST AND LOOKING TO THE FUTURE

• Infographics have been around for many years, their importance and impact
has increased as they have become distributed by the masses through the
internet.
• Today, a cleverly designed, high impact infographic can deliver a message
around the world within moments of being released.
• With the rise in popularity of free sharing tools, the audience itself becomes
the largest distributor of the information.
• Social media sites have made a game out of sharing visual messages that
make an impact in an interesting, unique way, so clever infographics have the
potential to go viral within only a few days, or in some cases, within hours.
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• JPEG
• JPEG images (short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) are “full-color
images that dedicate at least 24 bits of memory to each pixel, resulting in
images that can incorporate 16.8 million colors,” and are frequently
referenced by their file extension, JPG.
• JPEGs are also “lossy,” meaning they retain all color information, but
compress file size by selectively discarding data—and that compression can
result in a loss of quality.
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• GIF
• JPEG images (short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) are “full-color GIF
stands for Graphics Interchange Format
• GIF is one of the file formats used to display indexed-color graphics and
images in HTML documents on the web.
• GIFs preserve transparency
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• PNG
• PNGs, Portable Network Graphics, offer a wide range of attractive features.
• Full range of color depths, support for sophisticated image transparency,
better interlacing, and automatic corrections for display monitor gamma.
• PNGs are also capable of producing background images without jagged edges.
• They can be used for photographs, PNGs typically have larger file sizes than
JPEGs since they use lossless compression.
• A negative of the PNG format is that they are not supported by all web
browsers or early versions of Lotus Notes.
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• BMP
• BMP Short for "Bitmap." It can be pronounced as "bump," "B-M-P," or simply
a "bitmap image."
• The BMP format is a commonly used raster graphic format for saving image
files.
• It was introduced on the Windows platform, but is now recognized by many
programs on both Macs and PCs.
• The BMP format stores color data for each pixel in the image without any
compression.
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• TIF
• TIF is lossless (including LZW compression option), which is considered the
highest quality format for commercial work.
• The TIF format is not necessarily any "higher quality" per se (the same RGB
image pixels, they are what they are), and most formats other than JPG are
lossless too.
• TIF simply has no JPG artifacts, no additional losses or JPG artifacts to degrade
and detract from the original.
• TIF is the most versatile, except that web pages don't show TIF files.
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND TEXT
• EPS
• Stands for "Encapsulated PostScript."
• EPS is a PostScript image file format that is compatible with PostScript printers
and is often used for transferring files between various graphics applications.
• EPS files will print identically on all PostScript-compatible printers and will
appear the same in all applications that can read the PostScript format.
• As the name implies, EPS files contain PostScript code, which is used for
storing font and vector image information.
• EPS files may also include a rasterized version of the image used for
previewing the contents of the file.
WHICH FORMAT IS THE BEST?
IMAGE MANIPULATION
• It is an art that involves transforming or altering an image using
different methods and techniques to achieve desired results.
• Principles and basic techniques of image manipulation
• Proportion
• Texture
• Color Blending
• Emphasis on Detail
• Combining Multiple Images
• Shadows
PROPORTION
• Proportion is probably one of the
most important things a designer
must possess if he wants to do
image manipulations.
• This will make the image more
realistic if the original design is
extremely farfetched.
• Remember that images that are
supposed to be far away have to
be smaller than the ones that are
closer.
TEXTURE
• Texture is the surface
quality of the image.
• It adds to the depth of the
image and blend all the
images together evenly.
• Blending is a huge part of
image manipulation, so
textures are something a
designer have to carefully
select.
COLOR BLENDING
Not every image you use is
going to match your
background, your texture, or
even other images. That is
where color blending comes
in.
Colors like pink, white, yellow,
and orange blend together
easily.
That is what a designer should
look for at first; colors that
already blend.
EMPHASIS ON
DETAIL
• When creating a piece of art, set
one area as the main focus. You
want to draw viewer’s eyes
instantly to that spot.
• Work on focusing attention on
the most vibrant, colorful, or
sharp area in the design.
• The artwork shows that the fire
is the first thing that catches
your eye. The fire is the most
vibrant and brightest part of the
image, so it instantly stands out.
COMBINING
MULTIPLE IMAGES
Images are like missing
puzzle pieces; without
them you can never fully
complete the puzzle.
In your design you can
use a multitude of
images, but they all have
to flow properly, and be
used to your advantage.
SHADOWS
• Shadows also makes
the image more
realistic, because it
emphasizes the object
effectively.
• It is realistic in the way
that every item has a
shadow if it needs one
and every item is
proportional to
everything else.
BASIC IMAGE MANIPULATION USING OFFLINE OR OPEN-
SOURCE SOFTWARE
• SketchUp is a 3D modeling computer program for a wide range of drawing
applications such as architectural, interior design, civil and mechanical
engineering, film, and video game design.
• This application is an open-source software that can be used offline, of course
when its installed in your personal computer.
• SketchUp can also be used in image manipulation.
• This feature of SketchUp can be done together with another image editing
software, such as Photoshop.
CHOOSING YOUR
DEFAULT IMAGE
EDITOR FOR SKETCHUP
Make sure Adobe Photoshop is
your default image editor if it is
not, go to
Window>Preferences>Application
s and browse for your
Photoshop.exe file. You should
find it in your Photoshop program
file folder. Double click on your
Photoshop icon and that will load
the exe. file.
EDITING YOUR
MATERIAL
To edit your material, just right
click on the material and select
Edit Texture Image from the
Context menu that appears.
This will open your image
editing software, in this case
Photoshop.
EDITING IN
PHOTOSHOP
At this stage your image editing
software should have opened
automatically, in this case
Photoshop. Edit your image as
required and once finished
Flatten Image and Save it. The
file will be saved in a temporary
folder.
THE IMAGE IS
UPDATED IN
SKETCHUP
The image is automatically
updated in SketchUp once you
Save and Flatten it in
Photoshop. The saved image is
located in a temporary folder
used by SketchUp.
EDITING YOUR
MATERIAL
Another way to access your
editing software is to go to
Windows>Materials and click
on the Edit tab (1) in the Dialog
box and then click on Edit
texture image in external editor
icon (2) as highlighted by the
arrows in the image below.
COMBINING TEXT, GRAPHICS AND IMAGES
• In SketchUp, combining text and graphics is significant since it will make the
viewer and the modeler understand each other. This can be further depicted in
the following figure using the four types of text.
• Screen text - The most basic text in SketchUp, screen text (Callout 1) is fixed to the screen
regardless of how you manipulate or orbit a model. Screen text is not attached to any entity.
• Leader text - A leader is the line or arrow pointing to a model entity. Predictably, leader text
(Callout 2) has a leader line that points to a specific entity in your model.
• 3D text - 3D text (Callout 3) is made of actual edges and faces that become part of your
model.
• Dimensions - When you want to indicate a length, radius, or diameter, use the Dimension
tool to create a dimension entity (Callout 4). A dimension entity, which is linked to the line,
circle, or arc entity you choose, displays a measurement automatically and updates that
measurement dynamically as you work on your model.
• You create screen text and leader text with the Text tool ( ), create 3D text with
the 3D Text tool ( ), and dimensions with the Dimension tool ( ).
• These are additional tools that can enhance your model. With colors, textures, and photos,
you can improve details that make a 3D model look realistic and complete:
• Colors are like paint.
• Textures add realistic materials, such as carpet, tile, grass, wood, glass, and anything else you
can capture as a digital image.
• Photos can be pinned to your model (or just a face within it).
UPLOADING, SHARING AND IMAGE HOSTING
PLATFORMS
• From SketchUp, you can upload an open model or a component within an open
model. When you upload from SketchUp, your model or component is available
as an SKP File, COLLADA File, and optionally an STL File.
• Steps To Upload Model In 3D Warehouse:
• Open the model you want to upload in SketchUp and fiddle around with your view until you
like what you see. When you upload a model to the 3D Warehouse, SketchUp automatically
creates a preview image that’s a snapshot of your modeling window.
• Choose File, 3D Warehouse, Share Model. A minibrowser window opens, and it shows the
logon screen for the 3D Warehouse. If you want to upload models, you need a Google
account. They’re free; you just need a valid email address to get one. If you don’t already
have one, follow the onscreen instructions to sign up. When you create your Google account,
be sure to type something where the system asks for a nickname.
UPLOADING, SHARING AND IMAGE HOSTING
PLATFORMS
• Enter your Google account information, click the Sign In button, and fill out the Upload to 3D
Warehouse form as completely as you can.
• Click the Upload button to add your model to the 3D Warehouse. If everything works
properly, you see a page with your model on it, along with all the information you just
entered.
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH
• You can place a SketchUp model anywhere on the earth using Google Earth.
Google Earth is an application where you can view satellite imagery, maps,
terrain, 3D buildings, from galaxies in outer space to the canyons of the ocean.
• Steps to place model in Google Earth:
• Open SketchUp.
• Draw a model in SketchUp
• Import the site from Google Maps by selecting the icon in the SketchUp menu bar with the
yellow arrow pointing down.
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH
• An “Add Location” Dialogue box will appear:
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH

• Type in the address of the location you

want, and then click on “Select Region”
button. You can then adjust the pins at the
corners and, then select the “Grab”
button.
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH

• If you don't like the background, click on it

so the border turns red, then right click
andselect "unlock" from the context cursor
menu. The border will then turn blue.
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH

• The image SketchUp after importing the

Google Earth site to SketchUp:
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH
• You can move, rotate or scale your drawing
on the Google Maps background, but you
will not be able to change the background.
After you have the building where you
want it, and want to see how it will look in
Google Earth in 3d, export it along with the
site to Google Earth by selecting the "Place
Model" icon in the SketchUp menu bar
with the orange arrow pointing up.
SKETCHUP AND GOOGLE EARTH

• Note that you can continue to make

changes to the model in SketchUp and
then use "Place Model" again to update it.
SHARING A MODEL ON A WEBSITE OR VIA
SOCIAL MEDIA
• 3D Warehouse is all about sharing — and that ethos extends to websites and
social media. Before you embed a 3D model in a web page, read the 3D
Warehouse Terms of Use.
• Steps to embed a 3D Warehouse model on a web page:
• On the model details page, click the Embed tab in the sidebar on the right.
• Select Thumbnail to get HTML code for embedding a thumbnail image of the model. Select
3D Viewer for HTML code that embeds a 3D viewer on a web page. For the 3D viewer to work
on a web page, the visitor’s web browser needs to support WebGL.
• In the Embed This Model window that opens, as shown in the following figure, copy the code
snippet, which you can then insert into your web page. You may want to save the code
snippet to a TXT file that you can save to your hard drive, especially if you don’t plan to
embed the code snippet right away.
• Click the Close button.
SHARING A MODEL ON A WEBSITE OR VIA
SOCIAL MEDIA
• You can also share a model on Google+, Facebook, Twitter, or Pinterest directly
from the model details page.
• Steps to share a model via social media:
• On the model details page, scroll down to the Share tab.
• Click the icon for the social media service on which you want to share your model.
• In the window that appears, enter your login name and password (if you’re not already
logged in) and follow the on-screen prompts to share your model.
REFERENCES
• [1] https://www.searchenginejournal.com/5-important-principles-of-effective-infographics/65085/
• [2] https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/10/the-dos-and-donts-of-infographic-design/
• [3] http://www.file-extensions.org/filetype/extension/name/text-files
• [4] https://litmus.com/blog/png-gif-or-jpeg-which-ones-should-you-use-in-email
• [5] http://graphicssoft.about.com/od/graphicformats/f/summary.htm
• [6] Christensson, P. (2006). BMP Definition. Retrieved 2016, Jul 11, from http://techterms.com
• [7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_manipulation
• [8] http://design.tutsplus.com/tutorials/10-techniques-that-are-essential-for-successful-photo-manipulation-artwork--psd-242
• [9] http://www.sketchupartists.org/tutorials/sketchup-and- photoshop/use-image-editing-software-inside-sketchup/
• [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SketchUp
• [11] https://help.sketchup.com/en
• [12] http://www.dummies.com/howto/content/howtouploadyourgooglesketchupmodeltothe3d.html
END OF PRESENTATION