ANALYSIS OF BEAMS

BALAJI P 16BME116
YESWANTH SINKA 16BME229
KALEESWARAN R 16BME240
BEAMS - ANALYSIS
• Beams are supporting members which take up transverse
loading.
• They are mostly horizontal members, like those in bridges
and buildings.
• Now, let us take a beam of length L and area A.
• For consideration, we take dx length and area dA, with
young’s modulus E, moment of inertia I.
• Let v be the deflection
Potential Energy approach
𝑀
•σ=- y
𝐼
• The gradient of deflection is slope and the gradient of slope
is the moment per flexural rigidity, (i.e).,
d2v 𝑀
• 2= … (1)
dx 𝐸𝐼
• I is the moment of inertia about neutral
axis(z axis).
• The strain energy in an element of length dx is
1
dU =
2
‫ 𝐴׬‬σϵ 𝑑𝐴 𝑑𝑥

1M2
= ( 2 ‫ 𝐴׬‬y2dA ) dx
2EI
It is to be noted that ‫ 𝐴׬‬y2dA is the moment of inertia,
1 M2
dU = dx
2 𝐸𝐼
Using (1)
1 𝑙 d2v
U = ‫׬‬0 𝐸𝐼 ( 2)
2 dx
1 𝑙 d2v
Potential Energy, ∏ = ‫׬‬0 𝐸𝐼 ( 2 ) - ∑ pv(work done by point load)
2 dx
Degrees of Freedom
• Every beam for analysis is discretized into elements.
• Each node has two degrees of freedom.
• One is the degree of freedom is the transverse displacement
and the other is slope or rotation.
Discretization
• In applying the finite element method (FEM) to a problem, it is
traditional to discretize (subdivide) the continuum (model) into small
areas of triangular or rectangular shapes (mesh).
• Obviously, it is clear and more straightforward to use triangular
elements to model a structure purely because of the ease in the
formulation of its mathematical equation.
• Conversely, rectangular elements involve more serious mathematical
manipulation.
Discretization - cont
• The results obtained from rectangular elements are finer and closer
to the exact solutions.
• It also has provision by which one can estimate the displacement,
stress and other parameters at any point within the element, unlike
triangular element which allows the estimation at nodal points only.
Applying concepts…

• In some applications, large beams are placed on elastic walls/ soils.

• In those cases, stiffness is applied as stiffness per length of the
support.
Applying concepts to solution
• In FEM, the problem conditions are calculated and applied in the
mathematical model.
• Along with the boundary conditions(user data) are given.
• In FEM software, it is solved for solutions at different locations or
specifically.
• It gives the critical areas(based on stress and displacements), to
change after post processing.
THANK YOU