Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SHUNHAM ARORA
KHURSEED SAIFI
YUGANK SHARMA
WAMIQUE
Introduction
Design Principles
Basic rules in the design of Japanese gardens
Elements of Japanese Garden
Types of Japanese Gardens
The art of gardening is believed to be an important part of
Japanese culture for many centuries.
The garden design in Japan is strongly connected to the
philosophy and religion of the country.
Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation of
different garden styles in order to bring a spiritual sense to
the gardens and make them places where people could
spend their time in a peaceful way and meditate.
Natural: that should make the garden look as if it grew by itself
Asymmetry: that creates the impression of it being natural
Odd numbers: It supports the effect of the asymmetry
Simplicity: that follows the idea of 'less is more'
Triangle: that is the most common shape for compositions made
of stones, plants, etc.
Contrast: that creates tension between elements
Lines: that can create both tranquillity(shanti) and tension
Curves: that softens the effect
Openness: that indicates interaction between all elements
• Ponds, waterfalls, wells,
bridges (real or symbolic)
• Stepping stones, Garden
paths
• Stone water basins, stone
lanterns
• Garden plants and trees
• Fences and walls
• Stones
•It represents the sea, lake, pond
or river in nature.
•Non geometrical in appearance;
in order to preserve the natural
shapes, man- made ponds are
asymmetrical.
• The bank of the pond is usually
bordered by stones
•A fountain is sometimes found at
the bottom of a hill or hillside or
secluded forest.
•Wells are sometimes found in a
Japanese garden.
POND
WATERFALL
• Usually used in tea gardens.
• flat stepping stones served to
preserve the grass as well as
orient the viewer to a specific
visual experience.
• step- stones are found near
the veranda or entrance of the
house or tea room. The visitor
of the house or room is
expected to place his shoes on
the step- stone before
entering.
• Two kinds of stone water basins-
kazari- chozubachi, which is kept
near the verandah
tsukubai for tea garden
• Stone lanterns are placed besides
prominent water basins whose
luminance underscored the
unfinished beauty of the tea
aesthetic.
• A popular dwarf conifer
displaying dark green
needles on dense
branches.
• Useful slow-growing
evergreen for rock
gardens, mass plantings
and in groupings with
broadleaf plants.
• Makes a great container
specimen.
• Soft, bright silvery blue
foliage and forms a dense
shrub.
• The fine texture and
dense blue foliage add
interest and contrast to
the landscape.
• Works well for a low
hedge, or foundation or
container plant.
Evergreen
Light green spring growth
matures to deep black-green in
summer and forms a dense,
irregular pyramid.
An interesting evergreen
specimen suitable for a wide
range of landscape styles
including Asian and formal
English gardens.
Works well for smaller spaces
and large container plantings.
Scientific Name: Abies Firma
Habitat: Evergreen
Texture: Coarse
Height: 40’ to 70’
Leaf: 1.5" dark green needles are notched at
base; sharp prickly point
Flower/Fruit: 3.5 to 5" brown cones
Scientific Name: Acer
capillipes
Habit: Deciduous
Growth Rate: Moderate
Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; prefers moist,
well drained soil
Texture: Medium
Form: Round head; low
branches
Height: 30 to 35’
Flower/Fruit: Greenish white
flowers on 2.5 to 4" pendulous
raceme; attractive samara in
fall
Scientific Name: Acer palmatum
Growth Rate: Slow to moderate
Site Requirements: Light dappled
shade; evenly moist, well drained soil;
protect from drying winds
Texture: Medium to fine
Form: Low; dense rounded top;
spreading branches; assumes a layered
look
Height: 15 to 25'
Flower/Fruit: Small red to purple
flowers; attractive if viewed closely but
insignificant from a distance
Scientific Name: Alnus japonica
Site Requirements: Sun to partial
shade; range of soil types
including wet and infertile soil
Form: Slender, narrow upright
habit
Height: 12 to 25’
Leaf: Oval, narrow leaves
Flower/Fruit: Yellow brown to red
brown catkins (male flowers);
female flowers on short purplish
brown strobili which persist until
winter
Scientific Name: Aralia elata
Growth Rate: Rapid
Site Requirements: Sun to
partial shade; range of soil types
but prefers moist, well drained
soil
Texture: Medium
Form: Irregular to spreading;
often multi-stemmed
Height: 20 to 40’
Leaf: 3 to 5.5" compound leaves;
yellow to reddish purple fall
color
Flower/Fruit: 12 to 18" white
flowers in August; purple fruit
Scientific Name
Betula grossa
Growth Rate: Moderate
Site Requirements: Sun; moist well drained
soil
Texture: Medium
Form: Pyramidal
Height: 20 to 25'
Leaf: 2 to 4" alternate, simple leaves; yellow
fall color
Flower/Fruit: Nonshowy flowers
Scientific Name: Carpinus
japonica
Growth Rate: Slow
Site Requirements: Sun to light
shade; moist well drained soil
but tolerates a range of soil
types
Texture: Medium
Form: Rounded; densely
branched; wide spreading
branches
Height: 20 to 30'
Leaf: 2 to 4.5" leaves; yellow to
nonshowy fall color
Flower/Fruit: 2 to 2.5" fruit
Scientific Name
Cornus officinalis
Growth Rate: Moderate
Site Requirements: Sun to partial
shade; range of soil types
Texture: Medium
Form: Picturesque; multi-stemmed ;
low branches; oval to round habit
Height: 15 to 25'
Leaf: 4" opposite, simple leaves;
purple fall color
Flower/Fruit: Cluster of short stalked
yellow flowers with drooping bracts
on naked stems in early spring; .5"
shiny red fruit in clusters in fall
Scientific Name: Cryptomeria japonica
Habit: Evergeen
Growth Rate: Moderate
Site Requirements: Sun to light, high
shade; rich deep, well drained soil but will
thrive in a range of soil types
Texture: Fine to medium
Form: Pyramidal; semiformal
Height: 50 to 60'
Leaf: Awl shaped, bright to blue-green
foliage; smooth to the touch; bronze tones
in winter, especially if exposed to wind.
Flower/Fruit: Small terminal cones
• There are three types of fences:
the short fence which extends from
the house into the garden
an inner fence and an outer fence.
• Short fences or sodegaki are
screens that hide unwanted views or
objects.
• They are about 6 or 7 feet high.
• Add color and texture to the garden.
• Materials used are bamboo, wood
and twigs of bamboo or tree.
• Stones are fundamental elements
of Japanese gardens.
• Stones used are not quarried by
the hand of man, but of stones
shaped by nature only
• Used to construct the garden's
paths, bridges, and walkways.
• Represent a geological presence
where actual mountains are not
viewable or present. They are
placed in odd numbers and a
majority of the groupings reflect
triangular shapes
Rock – an important feature
They are artificial
mountains usually, built in
gardens.
Generally between one
and five of the hills are
built.
They are made up of
ceramics, dried wood or
strangely-shaped stones.
Refers to a relatively small cave or
hollow set underneath the ground
near a washbasin in the garden.
The hollow produces a harp-like
echoing sound effect as water
drips into the hollow. Thus, it
provides a mysterious sound for
people strolling through the
garden.
They are generally located the at
gates of the garden.
The excess water running over the
edge of the tsukubai drops down
onto polished pebbles below.
Below the ground is another large
basin, often a ceramic vase.
•The art of Bonsai involves the training
of everyday shrubs such as pine,
cypress, holly, cedar, cherry, maple, and
beech to look like old, large trees in
miniature form.