FORMULATION OF

RESEARCH
FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATION
 THIS IS THE LAST CHAPTER OF THE THESIS
AND THE MOST IMPORTANT PART BECAUSE IT
IS HERE WHERE FINDINGS, AND THE WHOLE
THESIS FOR THAT MATTER ARE SUMMARIZED;
GENERALIZATIONS IN THE FORM ARE MADE;
AND THE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE
SOLUTION OF PROBLEMS ARE DISCOVERED IN
THE STUDY
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
• GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS
• THERE SHOULD BE A BRIEF STATEMENT ABOUT THE
MAIN PURPOSE OF THE STUDY, THE POPULATION OR
RESPONDENTS, THE PERIOD OF THE STUDY, METHOD
OF RESEARH USED, THE RESEARCH INTRUMENT, AND
THE SAMPLING DESIGN. THERE SHOULD NO
EXPLAINATION MADE.
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
• GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS
• THE FINDINGS MAY BE LUMPED UP ALL TOGETHER BUT
CLARITY DEMANDS THAT EACH SPECIFIC QUESTION
UNDER THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM MUST BE
WRITTEN FIRST TO FOLLOWED BY THE FINDINGS THAT
WOULD ANSWER IT. THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS SHOULD
FOLLOW THE ORDER THEY ARE GIVEN UNDER THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
• GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS
• THE FINDINGS SHOULD BE TEXTUAL GENERALIZATIONS,
THAT IS, A SUMMARY OF THE IMPORTANT DATA
CONSISITING OF TEXT AND NUMBERS. EVERY STATEMENT
OF FACT SHOULD CONSISIT OF WORDS, NUMBERS OR
STATISTICAL MEASURES WOVEN INTO A MEANINGFUL
STATEMENT. NO DEDUCTIONS NOR INFERENCE, NOR
INTERPRETATION SHOULD BE MADE OTHERWISE IT WILL
ONLY BE DUPLICATED IN THE CONCLUSION.
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

ONLY IMPORTANT FINDINGS, THE HIGLIGHTS OF

THE DATA, SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE
SUMMARY, ESPECIALLY THOSE UPON WHICH THE
CONCLUSION SHOULD BE BASED.
 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

FINDINGS ARE NOT EXPLAINED NOR

ELABORATED UPON ANYMORE. THEY SHOULD BE
STATED AS CONCISELY AS POSSIBLE.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
CONCLUSIONS
 CONCLUSION
• CONCLUSION ARE INFERENCES,
DEDUCTIONS, ABSTRACTS, IMPLICATIONS,
INTERPRETATIONS, GENERAL STATEMENTS,
AND/OR GENERALIZATIONS BASED UPON
THE FINDINGS. CONCLUSIONS ARE THE
LOGICAL AND VALID OUTGROWTHS UPON
THE FINDINGS.
 CONCLUSION
THEY SHOULD NOT CONTAIN ANY NUMERAL
BECAUSE NUMERALS GENERALLY LIMIT THE
FORCEFUL EFFECT OR IMPACT AND SCOPE OF
GENERALIZATION. NO CONCLUSIONS SHOULD
BE MADE THAT ARE NOT BASED UPON THE
FINDINGS.
 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS SHOULD APPROPRIATELY
ANSWER THE SPECIFIC QUESTIONS RAISED AT
THE BEGINNING OF THE INVESTIGATION IN
THE ORDER THEY ARE GIVEN UNDER THE
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. THE STUDY
BECOMES ALMOST MEANINGLESS IF THE
QUESTIONS RAISED ARE NOT PROPERLY
ANSWERED BY THE CONCLUSION.
 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION SHOULD POINT OUT WHAT
WERE FACTUALLY LEARNED FROM THE
INQUIRY.
HOWEVER, NO CONCLUSIONS SHOULD BE
DRAWN FROM THE IMPLIED OR INDIRECT
EFFECT OF THE FINDINGS.
 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS SHOULD BE FORMULATED
CONCISELY, THAT IS, BRIEF AND SHORT,
YET THEY CONVEY ALL THE NECESSARY
INFORMATION RESULTING FROM THE
STUDY AS REQUIRED BY THE SPECIFIC
QUESTIONS.
 CONCLUSION
WITHOUT ANYSTRONG EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY,
CONCLUSIONS SHOULD BE STATED CATEGORICALLY.
THEY SHOULD BE WORDED AS IF THEY ARE 100
PERCENT TRUE AND CORRECT. THEY SHOULD NOT
GIVE ANY HINT THAT THE RESEARCHER HAS SOME
DOUBTS ABOUT THEIR VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY.
THE USE OF QUALIFIERS SUCH AS PROBABLY,
PERHAPS, MAYBE AND THE LIKE SHOULD BE AVOIDED
AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION SHOULD NOT BE REPETITIONS OF ANY
STATEMENTS ANYWHERE IN THE THESIS. THEY MAY
BE RECAPITULATIONS IF NECESSARY BUT THEY
SHOULD BE WORDED DIFFERENTLY AND THEY
SHOULD CONVEY THE SAME INFORMATION AS THE
STATEMENTS RECAPITULATED.
 CONCLUSION
• SUMMARIZE AND RESTATE THE THESIS
STATEMENT
• REVIEW THE 3 PRIMARY SUPPORTING DETAILS IN
YOUR ESSAY
• GIVE FINAL THOUGHTS AND OPINIONS ABOUT THE
TOPIC
• CLOSE THE ESSAY WIITH A CHALLENGE TO THE
READER
 CONCLUSION
UNIFIES YOUR RESEARCH RESULTS,
DISCUSSIONS AND ELABORATES THEIR
SIGNIFICANCE TO YOUR THESIS.
 CONCLUSION
ELEMENTS OF THE CONCLUSION
• STATE YOUR TOPIC
• STATE YOUR THESIS STATEMENT
• BRIEFLY SUMMARIZE YOUR MAIN POINTS
• ADD THE POINTS UP
• MAKE A CALL TO ACTION WHEN
APPROPRIATE
RECOMMENDATION
 RECOMMENDATION
IN THIS SECTION, YOU FINALLY HAVE THE OPPURTUNITY TO
PRESENT AND DISCUSS THE ACTIONS THAT FUTURE RESEARCHERS
SHOULD TAKE AS A RESULT OF YOUR PROJECT. A WELL-THOUGHT-
OUT SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS MAKES IT MORE LIKELY THAT THE
ORGANIZATION WILL TAKE YUR RECOMMENDATIONS SERIOUSLY.
IDEALLY YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO MAKE A FORMAL
RECOMMENDATION REGARDING THE ALTERNATIVE THAT IS BEST
SUPPORTED BY THE STUDY. PRESENT AND DISCUSS THE KINDS OF
ADDITIONAL RESEARCH SUGGESTED BY YOUR PROJECT. IF THE
PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE IS IMPLEMENTED, WHAT ADDITIONAL
RESEARCH MIGHT BE NEEDED?
 RECOMMENDATION
• ARE THEY RCOMMENDATIONS
BASED UPON THE FINDINGS AND
CONCLUSION?
• ARE THEY FEASIBLE, PRACTICAL
AND ATTAINABLE?
 RECOMMENDATION
• ARE THEY ACTION-ORIENTED,
RECOMMENDING ACTION TO REMEDY
UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS DISCOVERED?
• ARE THEY LIMITED ONLY TO THE SUBJECT
OF THE STUDY BUT RECOMMEND
FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE SAME
SUBJECT?
 RECOMMENDATION
STEPS OFFERED TO SOLVE OR IMPROVE
THE NEGATIVE FINDING OF THE STUDY
• ACTION-ORIENTED
• PRACTICAL
• HELP SOLVE PROBLEMS STATED IN
CHAPTER1
 RECOMMENDATION
FINDINGS ARE THE BASES
FOR OF THE CONCLUSIONS
AND CONCLUSIONS ARE
THE BASES OF THE
RECOMMENDATION
THANK YOU!
REPORTED BY:
WILMA B. SALINAS
APRIL ROSE MAE B. MORADA