Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kiriakos Moustoukas
Thomas Boegelein
Karl Dawson
The Problem
Slagging off of yttrium aluminium oxide seen in a
• Conventional joining laser melt deposition LMD build.
techniques create a
melt pool which has a
detrimental effect on
the nanoparticles in
ODS steels.
• Agglomeration and
slagging off of
nanoparticles in the
melt pool deplete weld
area of nanoparticles
that improve high
temperature creep
resistance.
Discussion Structure
Part 1
• Discuss established welding techniques and ways that can
minimise damage to nanoparticles by altering the weld
parameters.
Part 2
• Discuss welding techniques that avoid a melt pool altogether such
as solid state welding
Part 3
• Consider new welding techniques not currently used for ODS
steels
Part 1 – conventional (fusion) techniques with a melt pool
Weld HAZ width Automation Plate
cleanliness (mm) thickness
(mm)
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) Good 2-3 Medium All (multipass)
Submerged arc welding (SAW) Poor 7-10 Very high All (multipass
Wright, Ian G., et al. Summary of Prior Work on Joining of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys. No.
ORNL/TM-2009/138. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 2009.
Smallest melt pool process are Laser and Electron beam techniques.
Large Melt Pool Welding Processes
Question 2:
How could welding involving melting be improved sufficiently
to minimise ODS particle agglomeration?
Part 1 – conventional (fusion) techniques with a melt pool
Question 2:
How could welding involving melting be improved sufficiently
to minimise ODS particle agglomeration?
• Careful application of the conventional techniques [6]
- Preheating
- Minimum inter-pass temperatures
- Post-weld heat treatment to avoid cracking
→ Minimising agglomeration of ODS particles
→ Still not perfect
Part 1 – conventional (fusion) techniques with a melt pool
Question 2:
How could welding involving melting be improved sufficiently
to minimise ODS particle agglomeration?
• Careful application of the conventional techniques [6]
- Preheating
- Minimum inter-pass temperatures
- Post-weld heat treatment to avoid cracking
→ Minimising agglomeration of ODS particles
→ Still not perfect
(Optional)
[7] [8]
[10]
• TIG - MA754 (Ni-20Cr ODS) - Severe coarsening and agglomeration of yttrium oxides.
Evidence of yttria slagging off during the welding process. [Molian et al., J. Mat. Sci (1992)]
• Laser - Effect of laser welding on oxide distributions was less detrimental than TIG but
particle coarsening and agglomeration still observed. Lemmen estimates up to 24% of
yttria is lost during welding. [H. J. K. Lemmen et al., Journal of Materials Science 2007, vol. 42, pp. 5286-5295]
• E-beam welded 9Cr ODS Eurofer - Lindau reports “huge coarsening” of oxide particles
in the fusion zone. PWHT weld alloy contained yttrium rich oxides as large as 400nm.
[Lindau et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials, (2011)]
Eurofer ODS
E-beam welded Eurofer
Non-ODS Eurofer
• Diffusion Bonding
Question 3:
What is the main advantage of solid state joining techniques?
Part 2 - Solid State Joining Techniques
Question 3:
What is the main advantage of solid state joining techniques?
Any suggestions?
Conclusions