COEXISTENCE OF MANNED

AND UNMANNED AIRCRAFT

 SCOPE

• Brief history

• UAVs

• Challenges

• Way Ahead

• Current Status

• Conclusion
 BRIEF HISTORY

MANNED FLIGHT
• 400 BC - Discovery of the kite

• 1485 - Leonardo da Vinci’s Ornithopter

• 1783 - Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier- the

First Hot Air Balloon

• 1905 - first practical airplane took to skies

 BRIEF HISTORY
UNMANNED FLIGHT

• 1849 - Austrians balloons used by to attack

the Italian city of Venice

• 1915 - Use of aerial photography by British

military in the Battle of Neuve Chapelle

• 1916 - US created the first pilotless aircraft

• 1939 - Radioplane OQ-2 (First remote-

controlled aircraft)
 CURRENT STATISTICS & ESTIMATES

• 5,25,000 manned aircraft currently in service (2016

estimates by General Aviation Manufactures Association)

• Four billion passengers travelled by Commercial Airlines

in 2017

• FAA estimates 7 million drones will be flying over US

alone by 2020

• Necessity of assuring UAV safety in avoiding collisions

with other unmanned and manned aircraft
 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

An Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is any

aircraft which does not require the physical presence
of a human (pilot) inside the aircraft for its control and
includes both autonomous drones and remotely
piloted vehicles (RPVs)
 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

• Light Weight

• Low risk

• Stealthy

• Low Life cycle cost

• Reduced Operator Loads

 CHALLENGES

• Lack of consensus

• Absence of certification standards and regulations

• Lack of collision avoidance system

• Poor reliability record

• Lack of protected frequency spectrum

 CHALLENGES

• High insurance liability costs

• High acquisition and operational costs

 CHALLENGES

• Public apprehension

• Resistance

• Poor information data exchange

• Lack of security controls

 CHALLENGES

• Capacity limitations of the airspace

• Lack of international harmonization

 WAY AHEAD

• Detection, Location & Identification

– Additional equipment
– Data transmission through standard R/T sets
– Automated data acquisition b/w UAVs and ATS authorities

• Enhanced AI
– Multiple sensors for fault free operation of UAV
– Enable detection and avoidance of dangers
– Enhanced protocols to deal with sabotage, cyber threats, etc.

• Anti UAV measures

– Employment of UAV detection and disruption equipment
 WAY AHEAD

• Agreed concept of operations

• Classification scheme and definitions

• Regulations for certification and qualifications

• Effective technologies and procedures to prevent collisions

• Security controls and approvals for UAV operations

•
• Communications solutions for UAV systems

• Aeronautical data exchange, processing, and synchronization network

• Harmonized UAV regulations, standards, and procedures

• Interoperability and potential impacts

• Public acceptance