Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemical Admixtures
Fine Aggregate
Concrete has deep roots in history:
Wall at Palestrina, Italy, 1st Century BC
Roman Aqueduct & Pantheon
Concrete
• The word “concrete” originates from the
Latin verb “concretus”, which means to
grow together.
• Concrete is most widly use construction
material and it is mixture of
cement,sand,aggregate and water.
Advantage of Concrete
• We have the ability to cast desired shapes
– Arches, piers, columns, shells
Water
Slide 35 - 26.05.2009
Research and
Types of Concrete:
• There are various types of concrete for different applications that are created by changing the proportions of the main
ingredients.
• The mix design depends on the type of structure being built, how the concrete will be mixed and delivered, and how it will be
placed to form the structure.
• Examples include:
• Regular concrete
• Pre-Mixed concrete
• High-strength concrete
• Stamped concrete
• High-Performance concrete
• UHPC (Ultra-High Performance Concrete)
• Self-consolidating concretes
• Vacuum concretes
• Shotcrete
• Cellular concrete
• Roller-compacted concrete
• Glass concrete
• Asphalt concrete
• Rapid strength concrete
• Rubberized concrete
• Polymer concrete
• Geopolymer or Green concrete
• Limecrete
• Gypsum concrete
• Light-Transmitting Concrete
LATEST TREND IN CONCRETE
Properties
•When regular concrete is under a great amount of compression it will spilt and deform on the spot into separate pieces once
it reaches its greatest tensile load. Mixing sporadically polypropylene fibers into the cement will balance this effect by
attaching to the other piece that wants to spilt away and maintain both sides for a longer duration.
Benefits
•With the addition of polypropylene fiber in the mixture of concrete it enhances the toughness and tensile strength. When concrete is by
itself it has the tendency to be very brittle especially in the area of a tensile test which is where the fibers come into play to build in
where regular concrete lags, which can increase the compressive strength to a dramatic level.
•In coastal areas there is a high concentration of chloride ions from the salty air, this creates corrosion with the steel product which
produces rust as a result. This rust has the capacity to expand four to ten times larger than the iron causing a large expansion which
makes crakes and voids. Polypropylene fibers now are underway in replacing the reinforcing steel in concrete, which has a much
greater strength and can reach up to 20k psi.
Nanotechnology in Concrete
• Nano-catalysts to reduce clinkering
temperature in cement production
• Silicon dioxide nano-particles
(nanosilica) for ultra-high strength
concrete
• Incorporation of carbon nano-tubes into
cement matrix would result in stronger,
ductile, more energy absorbing concrete
• Eco-binders (MgO, geopolymers, etc)
modified by nano-particles with
substantially reduced volume of
portland cement
Sequential Steps of Concrete Work
a) Material Preparation
b) Reinforcement Preparation
c) Formwork Preparation
d) Batching of Concrete
Ingredients
e) Mixing of Concrete
f) Transportation of Concrete
g) Placing of Concrete
h) Compaction of Concrete
i) Curing of Concrete
j) Standards and Tests
Sample collected Slump Cone Filled
•HAMA BUILDING-KAMALADI**M60
•BHOTEKOSHI HYDROELECTIC PROJECT**M80
•KALI GANDAKI-HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT**M120
•CHAMELIYA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT**M80
•PULCHOWK CAMPUS,MSC THESIS***M128
•WORLDWIDE
•USA IN BRIDGE***M150
•EGYPT***M180-250
•INDIA***M180
•MALAYSIA***M80,M120
•PHD,ENGLAND,2004***M800(HIGHEST)
References and Bibliography
www.encyclopedia,concrete,com
www.concretehistory.com
• Ambuja Technical Literature Series -66; Commentary and Guidelines for application of IS 456:
2000,Section-2.
• Austin CK; Formwork Planning;3rd edition,1981
• Dhir R K & Jones M R ; Innovation in concrete structure; 4 th edition, 2002.
• Gambhir M L ; Concrete Technology, 2 nd edition ; Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
New Delhi, 8th Reprint 2001
• IS 456: 2000; IS Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, fourth revision;Bureau of
Indian Standards, Manak Bhawan,New Delhi.
• IS 456:2000; Explanatory Hand-book for Plain and Reinforced Concrete, fourth revision; Bureau of
Indian Standards,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi.
• Neville A M ; Properties of Concrete; 4 th and Final edition; Pearson Edition Asia,2006.
• P. kumar Mehta and Paulo J.M. Monteiro; CONCRETE: Microstructure, properties and Material,
Indian Edition(p.n-17-39)
• SHETTY M.S.; CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY: Theory and Practice,S.Chand and Company Ltd.
1998.
• Shrestha K M ; Production of very high Strength Concrete in Nepal; M.Sc. Thesis, I O E Pulchowk
Campus, Decc. 2005.
• Taylor W H ; Concrete Technology and Practice
• www.concreteworld.com