Title of the Project

To study the effects of partial replacement of cement

with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash on the strength properties
of concrete
 Group Members

Sajjad Hussain (Group Leader) 13CE-06

Sarfaraz Shah 13CE-
07 Kamran Razzaq
13CE-22 Zubair Noor
13CE-38 Junaid Ahmed
13CE-43 Salman Shabeer
13CE-54 Maqsood Ahmed
13CE-59
Saleh Jarar 13CE-
60
Supervisor: Engr. Abdul Majeed
Co-Supervisor: Engr. Muhammad Iqbal
Contents

 Introduction
Aim
 Objectives
 Scope
 Problem Statement
Literature Review
 Methodology
 Results
 Conclusions
Recommendations
 Introduction (continued)

 Concrete is the most commonly used construction material

in the world which is basically composed of two components;
paste and aggregate.
 The paste contains cement and water, where as the aggregate
contains sand and gravel or crushed stone.
 Cement is one of the important components of concrete, but
it is the most expensive material and its production is an
environmentally unfriendly practice.
 Therefore other waste materials such as fly ash, rice husk
ash, sugarcane bagasse ash etc. are being used as partial
replacement of cement.
 Introduction

 Sugar cane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar factories.

 The sugarcane bagasse is used as fuel for generating
energy in sugar factories thereby producing sugarcane
bagasse ash.
 This results in waste disposal problem and
environmental pollution.
 Therefore sugarcane bagasse ash, if used as partial
replacement of cement can reduce the environmental
problems due to ash disposal and CO2 produced during
production of cement.
 Aim of the Project

The aim of this project was to study the strength

properties of concrete by partial replacement of
ordinary Portland cement with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%
of sugarcane bagasse ash.
 Objectives

The objectives of this project were:

 To determine the compressive, splitting tensile

and flexural strength of concrete.

 To compare the strength of sugarcane bagasse

ash concrete with the strength of Ordinary
Portland Cement concrete.
 Scope of the Project

The limitations of this project were as follows:

 Using mix ratio of 1:2:4
 Using water-cement ratio of 0.50.
 Using sugarcane bagasse ash from sugar factories.
 Using locally available sand.
 Using size of coarse aggregates ¾’’.
 Using ACI guidelines for preparation of concrete mix design
specimen
 Using ASTM guidelines(ASTM C39/C39M, ASTM
C78/C78M and C496/C496M) for compressive, flexural and
split tensile strength test on concrete specimens respectively.
 Problem Statement (Continued)

 Studies suggest that the production of one ton of cement

releases one ton of CO2 [1].

 Seven percent of world carbon dioxide is coming up from

Portland cements industry [2].

 Cement is the most expensive ingredient of concrete and

the raw materials that are required for it’s production like
lime are being depleted in a large quantity.
 Problem Statement

 On the other hand, the disposal of sugarcane bagasse ash

which is obtained from sugar factories is a big problem
which causes pollution.

 Thus by using sugarcane bagasse ash in concrete, these

problems can be mitigated.
 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
 Sugarcane is one of the major crops grown in over 110 countries
and its total annual production is over 1500 million tons [3].

 In Pakistan the sugar industry is second largest agricultural-

based industry after textiles.

 The production of sugar cane in Pakistan recorded in the year

2016/2017 is 65 million metric tons[4].

 Each ton of sugarcane generates approximately 26% of bagasse

and 0.62% of residual ash [5].
 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

 The residue after combustion presents a chemical

composition of silica (66.45%), alumina and ferric oxide
(29.13%), calcium oxide (1.83%), magnesium oxide (0.83%)
and Sulphur trioxide (0.56%) [6].
 Literature Review

 Prasanna et al. (2016) studied the strength properties of concrete by

replacing the cement with sugarcane bagasse ash in the ratio of 0%,
5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by weight of cement in concrete.
The specimens for compressive strength, split tensile strength and
flexural strength tests were cured for 14 and 28 days. It was observed
that maximum compressive strength and flexural strength was obtained
at 5% sugarcane bagasse ash replacement for both 14 and 28 days
curing while for split tensile strength the maximum strength for 14 and
28 days curing was obtained at 10% sugarcane bagasse ash replacement
 Literature Review
 D. Neeraja et al. (2014) studied the strength properties of concrete by
partial replacement of cement with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash. The
replacement percentages selected for this study were 0%, 5%, 10% and
15% by the weight of cement in concrete. The specimens were cured
for 7 and 28 days. It was observed that maximum strength was
obtained at 5% replacement for both 7 and 28 days curing

Mrs.U.R.Kawade et al. (2013) studied the effects of sugarcane

bagasse ash as partial replacement of cement on the properties of fresh
and hard concrete like workability and compressive strength. The
cement was replaced with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The
specimens for compressive strength test were cured for the period of 7,
28, 56 and 90 days. The test result indicate that the compressive
strength of concrete increase up to 15% SCBA replacement for all the
curing periods. It was observed that the partial replacement of cement
by SCBA increases workability of fresh concrete.
 Methodology

Collection of
Test Specimen
Materials

Preparation of Curing of
Specimens Specimens

Capping of
Testing of
concrete
Specimens
cylinders
 Materials

Ordinary Portland Fine and Coarse

Cement Aggregate

Sugarcane Bagasse
Water
Ash
 Materials Collection

Materials Collection

Cement OPC ( Falcon cement factory) was used.

Fine aggregate Locally available sand from one source.

Coarse aggregate Coarse aggregate of ¾’’ from from

Mengal Crash Stone Plant Khuzdar city.

water From BUET Khuzdar water supply.

Sugarcane bagasse ash From sugar factory of Gharo Sindh.

 Methodology

Methodology consists of following steps:

 First the materials were collected.
The mixing of the concrete ingredients is done in 1:2:4 and using
water cement ratio of 50% and using sugarcane bagasse ash in
different percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%).
 Total 36 specimens were prepared.
 For compressive strength and splitting tensile tests, cylinders
were prepared.
 For flexural strength test, beams were prepared.
 The specimens were cured for 28 days.
 Details of specimens
Percentage Compressive Splitting Flexural Number Curing
replacement strength test tensile strength test of period
strength specimens
test

0% 3 cylinders 3 cylinders 3 beams 9 28 days

5% 3 cylinders 3 cylinders 3 beams 9 28 days

10% 3 cylinders 3 cylinders 3 beams 9 28 days

15% 3 cylinders 3 cylinders 3 beams 9 28 days

 Testing of Specimens

The following tests were conducted on the

specimens:
1. Compressive Strength Test
2. Splitting Tensile Strength Test
3. Flexural Strength Test
 Compressive Strength Test

Compressive strength test of specimens was done using

Compression Testing Machine
The tests were performed on the cylindrical specimens having
diameter of 6 inches and height of 12 inches
 Maximum load was noted and stress corresponding to that load
was calculated by the following formula.

σ = P/A
Where,
P = load in pounds (lbs.)
A = area of sample in contact with
bearing of machine in “sq.in”
Compression Testing Machine
 Splitting Tensile Strength Test
The splitting tensile strength test of specimens was done using
Compression Testing Machine
The tests were performed on the cylinders having diameter of 6
inches and height of 12 inches
Maximum load was noted and stress corresponding to that load
was calculated by the following formula.

σ = 2P/πLD
Where,
L= length of cylinder (in)
D= diameter of cylinder (in)
P= loads in pounds (lbs.)
 Flexural Strength Test
The test for flexural strength was done by using Universal Testing
Machine
The tests were performed on the concrete beams of 53cm length,
15cm width and 15cm depth
Maximum load was noted and stress corresponding to that force
was calculated by the following formula.
σ =3 PL / 2bd2
Where,
P= loads in pounds (lbs.)
L= length of beam (in)
b= width of beam (in)
d= depth of beam (in)
Univers
Results of Compressive Strength Test

Samples Curing Days Maximum Maximum Average Stress

Force Stress (psi)
(Tons) (psi)

Only cement 32.80 2556.77

30.78 2399.31 2476.22
31.72 2472.59
5% 34.88 2718.91
SCBA 33.73 2629.27 2655

28 33.57 2616.80
10% 34.83 2715.01
SCBA 36.72 2862.34 2825.70
37.20 2899.76
15% 33.79 2633.95
SCBA 34.20 2665.90 2628.75
33.18 2586.4
 Results of Compressive Strength Test

Compressive Strength

3000 2825.7
2655 2628.75
2476.22
2500
STRESS(PSI)

2000

1500

1000

500

0
only cement 5% SCBA 10% SCBA 15% SCBA
Results of Splitting Tensile Strength Test

Samples Curing Days Maximum Maximum Average

Force Stress Stress
(Tons) (psi) (psi)
Only cement 17.50 341.0
18.32 357.01 348.29
17.80 346.88
5% 18.52 360.91
SCBA 19.87 387.21 374.09
19.20 374.16
10% 20.80 405.34
SCBA 28 21.27 414.50 412.94
21.50 418.98
15% 19.68 383.516
SCBA 18.23 355.26 361.49
17.74 345.71
Results of Splitting Tensile Strength Test

Splitting Tensile Strength

450

400 374.09
348.29
350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
412.94 361.49
only cement 5% SCBA 10% SCBA 15% SCBA
 Flexural Strength Test
Samples Curing Days Maximum Maximum Average Stress
Force Stress (psi)
(Tons) (psi)

Only cement 5.0 1679.4

4.8 1612.23 1620.06
4.67 1568.56
5% 5.16 1733.14
SCBA 5.0 1679.40 1719.70
28 5.2 1746.58
10% 5.5 1847.35
SCBA 5.7 1914.52 1925.71
6.0 2015.28
15% 5.01 1682.76
SCBA 4.92 1652.5 1693.94
5.2 1746.58
 Flexural Strength Test

Flexural Strength
2500

2000 1925.71
1719.7 1693.94
1620.06
1500

1000

500

0
only cement 5% SCBA 10% SCBA 15% SCBA
 Conclusions

The use of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a partial

replacement of cement has influenced the strength
parameters of concrete.
The highest compressive strength, splitting tensile strength
and flexural strength have been experienced at 10%
sugarcane bagasse ash.
At 15% sugarcane bagasse ash replacement, the strength
was reduced.
It can be concluded that the cement can be replaced with
SCBA up to 10% when the strength is of main concern.
 Recommendations

Further researches are needed to be carried out at different

water binder ratios.
Comparative studies should be carried out by using the
ash of sugarcane cultivated on different lands.
More research projects need to be carried out by using
sugarcane bagasse ash burnt at different temperatures.
 Distribution of work (Continued)
Name Roll No Activities

Sajjad Hussain 13 CE-06 Study work + Group Leader +

Compilation of Project

Sarfraz Shah 13 CE-07 Study work + preparation of slides +

Compilation of Project

Kamran Razzaq 13 CE-22 Study work + preparation of slides +

Typing

Zubair Noor 13 CE-38 Study work + preparation of slides

+Typing
 Distribution of work
Name Roll No Activities

Junaid Ahmed 13 CE-43 Study work + preparation of slides

+Typing

Salman Shabeer 13 CE-54 Study work + procurement of materials +

Making specimen

Maqsood Ahmed 13 CE-59 Study work + procurement of materials +

Making specimen

Saleh Jarar 13 CE-60 Study work + procurement of materials +

Making specimen

Note: In this project work some of the activities are done together
such as Tests on materials and specimen, ETC
 References

1. Naik T.R. and Moriconi G., Environmental-friendly durable concrete made

with recycled materials for sustainable concrete construction, University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2006.
2. SYAZWANA BT MOHD SUKRI “Sugarcane bagasse ash as partial
replacement of cement in mortar” Faculty of Civil Engineering & Earth
Resources University Malaysia Pahang, June 2013.
3. T. SHAFANA, R.VENKATASUBRAMANI, “A study on the Mechanical
Properties of Concrete with partial replacement of Fine aggregate with
Sugarcane bagasse ash” International Journal of Advanced Structures and
Geotechnical Engineering ISSN 2319-5347, Vol. 03, No. 01, January 2014
4. M. Shafiq Ur Rehman, Global Agricultural Information Network/
http//gain.fas.usda.gov
 References
5. D. Neeraja “Experimental Study on Strength Properties
of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash” Nature Environment and Pollution
Technology, An International Quarterly Scientific Journal
Vol. 13, No. 3, 2014
6. D. Neeraja “Experimental Study on Strength
Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of
Cement with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash” Nature
Environment and Pollution Technology, An
International Quarterly Scientific Journal Vol. 13,
No. 3, 2014