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Air Law

1.06 ATC, Flight Planning, and Rules of the Air


References:
TC AIM
CARs
FTGU Pages 108-113,
Review
1. What class of airspace goes from 12000’ASL to
17999’ASL?

2. What is the difference between the altimeter setting


region and the standard pressure region?

3. What class of airspace is uncontrolled?

4. In which classes of airspace do you need a radio?

5. What are the 2 types of restricted F class airspace?


1.06 ATC, Flight Planning,
and Rules of the Air
• MTPs:
– Air Traffic Control
– Clearances and Instructions
– Flight Plans and Itineraries
– Right of Way
– Rules of the Air
Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control (ATC)
Unit:
• area control centre
established to provide ATC
service to:

– IFR and controlled VFR


(CVFR) flights
– IFR flights and CVFR
flights operating within a
control area
– airport traffic as the
circumstances require
Air Traffic Control
Air Traffic Control:
• Job is to prevent
collisions between:
• Aircraft
• a/c and obstructions
• a/c and vehicles on
the maneuvering
area
– and expediting and
maintaining an
orderly flow of air
traffic
Clearances and Instructions
• Air Traffic Control Clearance:
– Authorization by an ATC unit for an a/c to
proceed within controlled airspace under
specified conditions
– Once accepted, it must be executed unless
you make alternate arrangements
“YOU MAY”

• Air Traffic Control Instruction:


– A directive issued by an ATC unit for ATC
purposes
“YOU MUST”
Flight Plans and Itineraries
Flight Plan: Flight Itinerary:
Filed with an ATC or FIC Less formal than the Flight
Versus Plan
Provides cross country
route information as Filed with a
well as A/C specific
responsible
details that would aid in
search and rescue person
efforts

Search and rescue


notified after Search and rescue notified
1 hour overdue after 24hrs overdue
Flight Plans and Itineraries
Flight Plans and Itineraries
• Arrival Reports:
–Contents of an arrival report for a
flight plan or flight itinerary shall
include:
• type of flight plan or flight itinerary
• the departure aerodrome
• the arrival aerodrome
• the date and time of arrival
Confirmation
• What is the difference between an ATC instruction and
clearance?
Instruction:
Clearance:

• Fill in the blanks:


– ____________________ is filed with a responsible
person.
– ____________________ is filed with an ATC or an FIC.
Right of Way
– If there is risk of collision, the pilot in command
(PIC) with right of way must take action to avoid it
– Aircraft with emergency has the right of way
Right of Way
• Right of Way: order of priority

– Powered aircraft give way to airships, gliders


and balloons;
– Airships give way to gliders and balloons;
– Gliders give way to balloons; and
– Powered aircraft give way to aircraft that are
towing objects or carrying a slung load
Right of Way
Scenario #1: Two aircraft converging at the
same altitude:
• Aircraft with other on its right gives way
Right of Way
Scenario #2: two aircraft are approaching
head-on both shall divert course to the
right
Right of Way
• Scenario #3: When 2 aircraft are coming in
to land, the faster one will give way to the
slower one
Right of Way
• Scenario #4: When 2 aircraft are coming in
to land, the higher one will give way to the
lower one

• However…. Lower aircraft shall not overtake


or cut in front of higher aircraft that is in the
final stages of approach
Confirmation
• Who has right of way when 2 aircraft are
at the same altitude?

• If heading straight on to another aircraft,


which way shall you both turn?

• When landing, which aircraft has the right


of way?
Rules of the Air
1: Aircraft overtaking another aircraft shall pass on the right
(unless ridge soaring: on the inside)
– An aircraft in flight or manoeuvring on the surface must give way
to an aircraft that is landing
– Do not pass over or under, or cross ahead of, another aircraft if
you are not far enough away to not create a risk of collision
Rules of the Air
2:Dropping of
Objects:
–No person shall
create a hazard
to persons or
property on the
surface by
dropping an
object from an
aircraft in flight
Rules of the Air
3: Minimum altitudes
• Over built up areas, an
aircraft must remain 1000’ 1000’
above and 2000’ from an
obstacle 2000’
– (except for take off and
landing)

• Over rural areas, an


aircraft must remain 500’ 500’ 500’
from an obstacle
– (except for take off and
landing)
Rules of the Air
Exceptions to minimum altitudes:

– for the purpose of a police operation


– for the purpose of saving human life
– for the purpose of fighting forest fires
– for the purpose of flight training when a qualified instructor
is onboard
Rules of the Air
4. Formation Flying:
– No person shall operate an aircraft in formation with other
aircraft except by pre-arrangement between the PICs; or
– where the flight is conducted within a control zone,
between PICs and the appropriate ATC unit
Rules of the Air
5. Aerobatics shall not be
conducted:
– Over a built up area or an
open assembly of people
– In controlled airspace
except with a special
flight operations
certificate
– When visibility is less
than 3 miles
– Below 2000’ AGL except
in accordance with
special flight operations
certificate
Rules of the Air
• Aerobatics:
– Aerobatics shall not
be conducted with
passengers on board
unless the PIC has:
• 10 hours of
aerobatic instruction
or 20 hours
conducting
aerobatics
• At least one hour of
conducting
aerobatic
manoeuvres in the
last 6 months
Confirmation
1. Fill in the missing
distances.

2. What do you need to do


before you can fly in
formation?

3. When can you go below


the minimum altitudes?

4. What requirements must


you meet to fly
aerobatics?
Sanitize your workspace…

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