Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech are sentence words that are spoken

directly by the speaker .
Indirect Speech is a sentence that is spoken to report
the speaker’s words to another person . So, Indirect
Speech is used if we want to report words to other
people directly .

Direct and Indirect Speech consists of 3 types :

I. Statement ( Pernyataan )
II. Command ( Perintah )
III. Question ( Pertanyaan )
Changes needed from Direct to
Indirect Speech
1. To be & Auxiliary
Direct Indirect
Am / is / are - was / were
Shall/will - should / would
Can - could
May - might
Must
Have / has to - had to
Ought to
2. Time & place ( keterangan waktu & tempat )

Direct : Indirect :

Now - then
Tomorrow - the following day
Next week - the following week
Tonight - that night
today - that day
Yesterday - the day before
Last night - the night before
Last week - the week before
Here - there
This - that
These - those
3. Tenses
Direct : Indirect :
Simple present - simple past
Simple past
Present perfect - past perfect
Present continous - past continous
Present perfect continous - past perfect
continous
Simple future - past future
I. STATEMENT
in the Indirect Statement we use the word that
(that) as a liaison between the introductory
sentence ( reported phrase ) and the words
reported . The introductory sentence in the
indirect statement are :
He said
He said to me that + reported words
Example :
- My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis”
- My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis.
2. Command
The command is divided into 2 parts , namely :
1. Positive command
In a positive command we add to the front of the
command sentence , as a link between the
introductory sentence and the reported
command. The introductory sentences in this
type are :
To + infinitive
He asked me
Example :
- He asked me “open your book”
- He asked me to open my book
2. Negative command
In the negative command we add notes not to the
front of the reported command.
Example :
-Mary told John “don’t wait for me”
-Mary told John not to wait for her

-- I told him “don’t mention it to anyone”

- I told him not to mention it to anyone
3. Question
If Direct questions use question word like : where , when,
why, what, who , how, etc ., then these words are used as a
link in reported speech . The question reported changed
to a positive from. The introductory sentence is :
Example:
-John asked Mary : “why do you get angry with me?”
-John asked Mary why she got angry with him.
If the direct question doesn’t use question words, and is
only a question in the from of “yes & no question”, then
we use if words, whether ( if, what ) as the link between
the introductory sentence and the reported question.
Example :
-The teacher asked her : “have you finish your
homework?”
-The teacher asked her If she had finished her homework.