Outline Materi

• Pengertian sistem satelit

• Komponen Sistem
• Orbit Satelit
• Aplikasi Sistem Komunikasi Satelit
• GPS

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 Satellite Systems

Inter Satellite Link (ISL)

Mobile User Link

(MUL) MUL
Gateway Link
(GWL) GWL

small cells
(spotbeams)

base station
or gateway
footprint

Data Network PSTN GSM

PSTN: Public Switched User data

Telephone Network

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 Satellite Communication

• Satellites are launched and orbited for a variety of purposes but the
most common application is communication.
• Two Stations on Earth want to communicate but are too far away to
use conventional means, they can use a satellite as a relay station.
• Communication satellites are not originators of information but are
relay stations for earth sources.
• The transmitting station sends the information to the satellite (uplink),
which in turn retransmits it to the receiving station (downlink).
• The signal converter is called transponder.

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 Classification

• Coverage area
• Global, regional, national
• Service type
• Fixed service satellite (FSS)
• Broadcast service satellite (BSS)
• Mobile service satellite (MSS)
• General usage
• Commercial, military, amateur, experimental

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 Orbits

• Satellite orbits:
– Equatorial-orbit satellite
– Inclined-orbit satellite
– Polar-orbit satellite
• Footprint
– The signal satellite from a satellite is aimed at a specific area

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 Categories

• Satellite categories
– GEO (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit)
– MEO (Medium-Earth Orbit)
– LEO (Low-earth orbit)

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Satellite Orbit Altitudes

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 Satellite Communications

• Early satellite communications use C band in the range 3.7-4.2 GHz

• Could interfere with terrestrial communications
• Beamwidth is narrower with higher frequencies
• Recent communications make greater use of Ku band
• Ka band is now being used.

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 Frequency Bands

Band designation Normal frequency range

(GHz)

L 1–2
S 2–4
C 4–8
X 8 – 12
Ku 12 – 18
K 18 – 27
Ka 27 – 40
V 40 – 75
W 75 – 110
millimeter (mm) 100 - 300

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 GEO Orbit

• Originally proposed by Arthur C. Clarke.

• Circular orbits above the equator, angular separation about 2
degrees - allows 180 satellites.
• Orbital height above the earth about 36000km.
• Round trip time to satellite about 0.25 seconds.
• Requires more power for communications.
• SNR is worse because of the distances involved
• A few GEOs can cover most of the surface of the earth; polar
regions cannot be “seen” by GEO.
• Since they appear stationary, GEOs do not require tracking.
• GEOs are good for broadcasting to wide areas.

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Satellite Relay Link

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 Transponder

• An earth station transmits information to the satellite.

• The satellite contains a receiver that picks up the transmitted
signal, amplifies it, and translates it on another frequency.
• The signal on the new frequency is then retransmitted to the
receiving stations back on earth.
• The transmitter-receiver combination in the satellite is known as a
transponder.

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 Ground Stations

• The ground station, or earth station, is the terrestrial base of the

system.
• The ground station communicates with the satellite to carry out the
designated mission.
• The earth station consists of five major subsystems:
 The antenna subsystem
 The receive subsystem
 The transmit subsystem
 The ground control equipment (GCE) subsystem
 Power subsystem

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 GPS

• Global Positioning Satellite (GPS)

– Altitude about 18.000 km
– Based on a triangulation principle
– Uses 24 satellite in six orbits
– Use in military forces

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 Summary

• Telah dipelajari kategori satelit.

• Telah dipelajari aplikasi satelit komunikasi.
• Telah dipelajari subsistem satelit komunikasi.

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