Mass transfer operations

SOLID-LIQUID
EXTRACTION
EQUIPMENTS
GROUP MEMBERS
■ V.SUMANTH
■ D.S.S. PRAKASH
■ KEVINSON
■ DHEER SINGH MEENA
■ SONALI SINHA
■ JOYPAL SAHA
■ SHUBHAM KUMAR
■ SHAIK DANKSHAVALI
CONTINUOUS BELT EXTRACTOR
• It is used for extraction of sugar from sugarcane or beet
• Sugar beets are cut into small pieces called cossettes
• Warm water(70-75°C) is used as solvent
• The rate and time of the extraction depends mainly upon the the
thickness of the pieces
• The solid is fed at one end of a perforated endless moving belt
• Fresh solvent is fed at the solid discharge end
• The liquid drains into a catch basin and is pumped to the top of
the adjacent section of the bed
 ROTOCEL EXTRACTOR
• A rotocel extractor has a rotating basket construction
• It consists of a no. of cells (usually 15 to 18) fixed to a central rotor
• Each cell or basket is fitted with a hinged perforated or screen
bottom so that the solvent can percolate through the flakes of
seeds
• The extracting liquid is sprayed on the top of a cell
• The fresh solid enters the device at one end and the spent solid
enters at the other cell
 ROTOCEL EXTRACTOR
• Below the rotating cells is a circular tank divided into a no. of
compartments , each of which receives the extract from one or
more cells
• The liquid/miscella from a compartment is pumped and sprayed on
the next basket in the countercurrent direction
• The exhausted solid containing some entrained solvent is removed
by opening the hinged bottom
• This emptied compartment continues to rotate and then receives
an amount of fresh feed , thus completing a cycle
 Working procedure
 It consists of number of baskets fixed to an endless chain
having an ascending and descending leg enclosed in a vapour
tight chamber.
 Each basket has a wire mesh bottom.
 Two chambers at the bottom of vessel are separated by a
partition plate holding the extract streams.
 Liquid percolating along the two legs flow down to the
chambers.
 The solid is fed from a vapour-tight hopper into the basket at
the top of the descending leg, and partially enriched solvent is
sprayed on the solid.
 The liquid percolates through the slowly moving baskets and
collects at one of the bottom compartment unit.
 Fresh solvent is sprayed on the top basket in the ascending leg
and percolates through the rising baskets and collects in the other
chamber at the bottom in the form of half-miscella, which is
sprayed at the top basket of the ascending leg.
 Percolation of the liquid occurs countercurrent to the solid
movement in the ascending leg, but cocurrent in the descending
leg.
 The baskets are generally 0.5 -0.7 m deep. An extractor of this
type may be 40-60 feet high, can handle as much as 50 ton/h
seeds with the chain driven by a 1-2 hp motor.
 Uses: Mostly used for the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds.
Advantages: Because of no agitation ,the rich solvent leaving the
extractor remains reasonably clear.
Disadvantages: channeling of the liquid in the baskets may occur.
 Pachuca extractor
■ Particle suspension is an important parameter in the design of
an energy-efficient Pachuca tank.
■ Unfortunately, very little attention has been focused on the
suspension behavior of air-agitated Pachucas.
■ In the present investigation, therefore, extensive experiments
have been carried out in three laboratory-scale Pachuca tanks
to examine the effect of design and operating parameters, as
well as scale-up, on particle suspension.
■ A mathematical model that combines the Bernoulli’s equation
and the theory of transport of particles in the horizontal flow of
a liquid has been developed to predict the critical gas velocity
for particle suspension in Pachuca tanks.
■ Some important results, crucial to the design and scale-up of
Pachuca tanks, have emerged. Full-center-column (FCC) Pachuca
tanks with a draft tube-to-tank diameter ratio (D d/Dt) on the
order of 0.1 are found to be energetically more efficient in
suspending particles than free-air-lift (FAL) and stub-column
(SC) Pachuca tanks.
■ It is also observed that taller tanks require lower air flow rates
for particle suspension than shallower tanks. Finally, it is
explained why industrial Pachuca tanks operate at lower air
velocities than laboratory-scale tanks

■ Pachuca tank
■ -Stirring by compressed air
■ -Cylindrical tank with conical bottom
■ -A central pipe connected to an air supply acts as an air lift.
■ -Additional air jets at the bottom are applied for dislodging any
■ material that settles out.
“SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
EQUIPMENTS”
Horizontal basket extractor
The important features are:
-It consists of a train of horizontal baskets fitted to a drive chain
enclosed in a big chamber
-When an empty basket reaches the feed point, it gets loaded with
the solid from the feed hopper
-Before a basket makes a complete turn, the nearly exhausted solid is
sprayed with fresh solvent.The liquid percolated through the solid
in each basket,leaves through the perforated or wire-mesh bottom
and collects below
-Liquid from a chamber is pumped
to the previous spray to achieve par-
tial counter-current effect.
-The rich extract from collecting cham-
ber is taken out for further processing
-It is widely used for oil extraction from seeds