SEMINAR REPORT

ON
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT OVER
FOOT OVER BRIDGES

By
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1
 OVERVIEW
1. Introduction
2. Objectives of Study
3. Foot over Bridge
4. Parameters Used
5. Methodology
6. Data Collection
7. Data Extraction
8. Data Analysis
9. Questionnaire Survey
10. Conclusion
2
 INTRODUCTION
• Walking is the most efficient and effective
traditional approach among the other available
transportation modes to reach a shorter
destination.
• Pedestrian’s characteristics like walking speed,
speed, flow, etc. are important parameter in a
study of function, design and provision of
pedestrian facilities.
• Locations with high pedestrian and traffic
volumes generally requires dedicated pedestrian
walking facilities like sidewalks, foot over bridge,
etc. for safe pedestrian movement.
3
 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

• To study about the exiting pedestrian flow

characteristics (i.e., flow rate, speed, density and
space) based on hourly volume variation and
establish relationships between these fundamental
characteristics.

• To study impact of age, luggage and gender on

pedestrian walking speed.

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 FOOT OVER BRIDGE

• A foot-over bridge is a bridge designed for

pedestrians to visually link two distinct
areas or to signal a transaction.

• They are also located across roads to let

pedestrians cross safely without slowing
down the traffic.

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 PARAMETERS USED
• Pedestrian speed- Pedestrian speed is the average pedestrian walking
speed, generally expressed in units of meters per minute (m/min)

• Pedestrian flow- Pedestrian flow rate is the number of pedestrians passing

a point per unit of time, expressed as pedestrians per 15 min or pedestrians
per minute (p/min).

• Pedestrian density- Pedestrian density is the average number of

pedestrians per unit of area within a walkway or queuing area, expressed as
pedestrians per square meter (p/m2).

• Pedestrian flow per unit of width- Pedestrian flow per unit of width is the
average flow of pedestrians per unit of effective walkway width, expressed
as pedestrians per minute per meter (p/min/m).

• Pedestrian space- Pedestrian space is the average area provided for each
pedestrian in a walkway or queuing area, expressed in terms of square
meters per pedestrian (m2/p). 6
 METHODOLOGY

• Data Collection
• Data Extraction
• Data Analysis

7
 Camera Position of camera Effective Width Length of
Site Location
placed on (from floor) of trap Trap

ITO New Delhi Midblock 2.5-3 m 2.6 m 10.5 m

M.G. Marg Gangtok Midblock 2.5-3 m 2.4 m 10 m

Maharani
New Delhi Midblock 2.5-3 m 2.6 m 8.5 m
Bagh

Tin Factory Bengaluru Midblock 2.5-3 m 2.6 m 8.4 m

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 DATA COLLECTION

• Selection of data collection location.

• Camera is setup at a suitable elevation at the
site and video recording is started.
• The sections for which the parameters are to be
calculated are also marked in the site.
• All the installations are done then the trap
length and effective width of the trap is also
measured.

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 DATA EXTRACTION

• The pedestrian data is extracted manually from the

recorded video recordings.
• The flow data was extracted by counting the number
of pedestrian passing through the first line of the
marking for every 30 second.
• For speed, the entry and exit time for any 4 pedestrian
in the section is noted for every 30 second.
• For density, the number of pedestrian is counted for
every 20th sec frame, 40th sec frame and 60th sec
frame of every minute in the section.

10
Fig M.G. Marg FOB
11
 DATA ANALYSIS

According to the video observations, pedestrian

characteristics are classified based on age, gender,
directional movement and physical activity such as
carrying luggage or not.

• Speed comparison by age.

• Speed comparison by gender.
• Speed comparison by luggage.

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 SPEED COMPARISION BY AGE
• Group-A (age>12) - Children
• Group-B (age 13–22 -Young
• Group-C (age 23–45) – Adults
• Group-D (age 46–59) - Elderly
• Group-E (age>60) – Senior Citizens

Comparison by Age
90

80

70
SPEED(m/min)

60
A
50
B
40
C
30 D
20 E

10

0
ITO M.G. Marg Maharani Bagh Tin Factory

LOCATION
13
 SPEED COMPARISION BY GENDER

Comparison by Gender

80
78
SPEED(m/min)

76
74
72
70
68
Male
66
Female
64
62
60
58
ITO M.G. Marg Maharani Bagh Tin Factory

LOCATION

14
 SPEED COMPARISION BY LUGGAGE

Comparison by Luggage

80

70

60
SPEED(m/min)

50

40
With Luggage
30
Without Luggage
20

10

0
ITO M.G. Marg Maharani Bagh Tin Factory

LOCATION

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 SPEED v/s FLOW
90

80

70

60
Speed(m/min)

50

40
y = -0.305x + 66.77
30 R² = 0.012

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Flow(p/min/m)

Fig Speed-Flow Relationship-M.G. Marg

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 SPEED v/s DENSITY
90

80

70

60
Speed(m/min)

50

40
y = -73.24x + 75.11
30 R² = 0.243

20

10

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

Density(p/m2)

Fig Speed-Density Relationship-M.G.Marg

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QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

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 CONCLUSION

• With the increase in flow, speed of pedestrians’ speed falls due

to closer interaction among pedestrians.
• The speed-density characteristics shows that as density
increases, pedestrian speed declines.
• Male pedestrians’ are found to be walking faster than the
female pedestrians’ in all the four locations.
• The study of walking speed shows that age 23-45(Group C)
pedestrians walk fastest and age 0-12(Group A) pedestrians
walk slowest.

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