一、DX200 Platform

§1.1 DX200 Platform:

Nokia’s proven DX 200 platform supports
the switching of traffic channels (speech),
user data, signalling, short messages and
the functions required for cellular radio
administration.

In addition to the GSM network, the

DX200 also forms the basis for the Nokia
NMT, PMR, PSTN and ISDN products.

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一、DX200 Platform

DX200 Platform

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 一、DX200 Platform

DX 200 structure in block diagram

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 一、DX200 Platform

§1.2 DX200 Hardware:

1. Racks:
2. Sub-racks:
3. Cartridges:
4. Units:

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 一、DX200 Platform

§1.3 Power Supply:

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§1.3 Power
Supply:

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§1.4 Computer Units:

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§1.5 Redundancy Principles:

- 2N: 2n

When two units are dedicated to a task to which one is enough at any given
time, one of the units is always active or in the working state (WO). The other
unit is kept in the hot stand-by state or the spare (SP) state.

- N+1:
n+1

When there is just one or a few spare units for a set of N units of a given type,
the spare unit is not used by the applications and is not permanently bound to
some of the N active units but can take over the load of any one of them in
case of an active unit failure or by an operator command.
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 一、DX200 Platform

§1.6 Functional Unites:

1. Network interface, ET:
Access: - electrical synchronisation
- adaptation of external 2Mbit/s

2. Group Switch, GSW :

Switches:
- dynamic connections(calls and data)
- signalling
- internal semipermanent connections

3. Control functionality :
- call control
- controls and supervises GSW
- connects / releases all connections
- performs tests in the switching network
- hunts free circuits
MCMU/BCSU in BSC, SWM in HLR, SCU in SXC

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4. Clock and Synchronisation Unit, CLS :

- hierarchical/plesiochronous mode, changes the mode automatically
- the synchronisation signal comes from ETs in hierarchical mode
- generates the synchronisation signals

5. Message Bus, MB :
- link between computer units
6. Operation and Maintenance Unit, OMU:
- interface between the system and the user
- monitors : configuration and alarms in the system
- connects I/O-devices
- local mass storage for SW back-ups
- connections to the OMC in BSC
- non-redundant or 2N redundant

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§2.1 Introduction :
1. I/O system： consists of software and peripheral devices .
2. I/O system： located in the operation and maintenance unit (OMU).
3. I/O system： provides with all the necessary I/O-services by the MMI system.

§2.2 I/O Devices:

1. Mass memories:
- WDU: winchester disk unit
...
- FDU : floppy disk unit
DX 200
- FDU : magneto-optical disk

...
- CTU : cartridge tape unit
...
- MTU : magnetic tape unit
DX 200 DX 200
2. User interface: DX 200
- LPT : line printer
- VDU: visual display unit
I/O Devices

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3. Virtual devices:
- VTP : virtual terminal protocol
- VPP : virtual printer protocol
- VDS : virtual data storage
4. Special I/O devices:
- BBU : byte basket unit
- COK : command calendar
- DIA : dialog

§2.3 Working states of I/O Devices:

1. View I/O devices ( ZISI ):
WO (working):
- WO-BU: working busy
- WO-ID: working idle
- WO-CL: working closing
BL (blocked):
- BL-SY: blocked by system
- BL-US: blocked by user

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TE (test):
- TE-ID : test idle ……no test is running
- TE-AC: test active ……test is running
MI (missing):
- MI-SY: missing by system ……HW missing
- MI-US: missing by user ……state set by user
2. WDU & FDU:
- MI-SY: when no hardware is equipped
- BL-SY: hardware is faulty and the disk drive is not in working condition
- WO-ID: all except user operations to the disk drive are prevented
- WO-BU: normal operation.
3. VDU & LPT:
- MI-SY: when no hardware is equipped
- BL-SY: when hardware is equipped, but is OFFLINE or the plug-in unit is faulty
- WO-ID: when the device is ONLINE
4. CTU & MTU:
- MI-SY: when no hardware is equipped or tape unit is not powered
- BL-SY: hardware is faulty, busy or not ready (offline)
- WO-ID: tape unit is online and tape is loaded
- WO-BU: normal operation state, tape file is opened and data can be stored on tape
- TE-ID: tape unit is detected to be faulty or prepared to be diagnosed by command

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§2.4 Units:
1. WDU, Hard disks contain for example:
- program blocks of different computer units
- back-up copies of files containing permanent or semipermanent data
- MML programs and menus.
2. VDS, Virtual Data Storage :
- used in the data transfer of the FTAM protocol. (not DX200 format)
- changes the data files to another format before storing it from the disks.
§2.5 Logical files:
1. List logical files: Displays all logical files of OMU that are connected to LPT-1:
< ZIIL:,OMU:DEV=LPT-1;

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2. Modify/change/delete the connections by a device:
< ZII?
? ..... DISPLAY MENU
D: ..... DISPLAY INFORMATION OF GIVEN LOGICAL FILE
S: ..... CHANGE OBJECT CONNECTED TO LOGICAL FILE
L: ..... LIST LOGICAL FILES CONNECTED TO GIVEN OBJECT
C: ..... CHANGE OBJECT TO ANOTHER IN ALL LOGICAL FILES
F: ..... CREATE LOGICAL FILE
P: ..... CREATE SPARE LOGICAL FILE
R: ..... REMOVE LOGICAL FILE
I: ..... LINK PHYSICAL DISK FILE TO LOGICAL FILE
G: ..... CHANGE SIGNALLED PROCESS
Z; ..... RETURN TO MAIN LEVEL
§2.5 Logical file type:
Logical files are transit files between
application programs and I/O devices .
1. Permanent logical files:
- user cannot delete or change the name
- can change the connections
- connections are stored on disk
2. Semipermanent logical files:
- created and deleted by the user
3. Temporary logical files:
- deleted immediately after the MML
session is over
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§3.1 DX200 software:
1. System software:

- The operating system (OS) is the software core and interfaced with the CPU.
- Divided into three different levels: system, service, program blocks

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2. Operating system:
The main services of the operating system (DMXRTE) can be divided into the
following function groups:
- processor time scheduling
- message transfer
- real time services
- handling of processes and process families
- supervision services
The processor time is allocated according to the priority of the process.
The main states of a process
and possible changes
between them.
READY TO RUN RUNNING

W AIT

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§3.2 DX200 file system:
1. File types:
DX 200 disk files can be divided into two main categories: data files and
Software files.
Data files:
- Configuration files: contain network element specific data, which can be
modified with MML commands. Configuration files are saved and actively
used in the memory of the computer units.
- Work files: are created and updated by the applications, and they are
used only in the memory of the computer units.
- Ring files: are files where the new data is written on the top of the old
data. An example of a ring file is the alarm history file. Ring files are stored on
hard disks (WDUs)
Software files:
- Program code files: are used in the memory of the microcomputer units,
and the backup copies are also on the hard disks.
- MML program files: are stored on hard disks. They are loaded into the
RAM of the OMU during the MML session.

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2. Disk files:
The main level on disk directory structure is the root directory. In the
SCMANA subdirectory there is located e.g. SOMAFI file which stores all the
information about created SW-packages. Under the package directories are
stored all subdirectories which belong to the SW-package (BLCODE,
MMDIRE, LFILES, CONVPR, ASWDIR).

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(BLCODE, MMDIRE, LFILES, CONVPR, ASWDIR).
BLCODE :
- contains the program code files which are loaded to the memories of the
microcomputer during the start up phase. The master file of the system is
MAFILE in the BLCODE subdirectory. The MAFILE contains information
about all the load modules within the SW build.
MMDIRE:
- contains the MML program code files, MML text files and menus.
LFILES :
- contains the back up copies of data files, the preprocessor code and
data files.
CONVPR :
- contains the conversion programs which might be needed during a
major SW update.
ASWDIR :
- can be used for storing macros. The system itself constructs the
necessary directory and files for measurements. Also, when installing a
change delivery, the CFLIST file is copied into the ASWDIR directory.

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3. Disk file handling:
The commands for disk file handling: ZIWX / ZIWY / ZIBC

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§3.3 Loading system and unit restarts:
1. Loading concepts:
Initial loading:
- When the unit is restarted, the load modules contain the program code
and configuration files. The loading source is determined by the maintenance
procedures or by user. The source can be a hard disk or local memory
(codes and files already residing in the memory) so the working unit of the
same type. Primary copy is needed in the case of configuration files.

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File loading:
- If the target file does not exist when the loading is started, the file is
created with the same structure as the source file.
Distribution:
- The distribution is a transaction in which the modification of the data of
one file is taken into the copies of the data concerned in the other units of the
exchange. The distribution is carried out from the primary copy to the read-
only copies.
Warming:
- means the updating of work files from the active unit. Warming is needed
because of a hot stand-by system. Spare unit is always updated in the case
of units which use 2n redundancy because the spare unit knows that there is
only one unit which to follow. Spare is “cold” for units using n+1 redundancy
because it is not known in advance which unit to replace.
2. Loading sources:
- OMU hard disk (WDU)
- Active unit of the same type
- Primary unite the active unit
- Own unit
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3. Restarts:
Restarts can be caused by several different reasons.

System:
Recovery ?
DX 200 SERVICE TERMINAL MAIN LEVEL COOMANDS:

..... MENU / HELP

A ..... ANALYSER L ..... EXTENSION HANDLING
B ..... DEFINE ENVIROMENT O ..... OPERATING SYSTEM COMMANDS
C ..... COMMAND LANQUAGE UTILITIES R ..... REMOTE DEBUGGER HANDLING
D ..... MEMORY AND I/O HANDLING S ..... SYSTEM MONITORING COMMANDS
E ..... EXIT DEBUGGER SESSION T ..... SET/DISPLAY TERMINAL TYPE
I ..... GENERAL INFORMATION W ..... WS-220 FILE TRANSFER UTILITY

INITIAL NAME: 00BE 0000 00 CURRENT NAME: 00BE 0000 00

00-MAN>

Session 2 Online Caps Lock Num

User: Service
terminal

User: Reset button

User: MML terminal

Unit state change causes a restart in the following state change combinations:
SE to TE, TE to SP and TE to WO. (ZUSC)

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4. Restart type:
Restart (Hot) with MML commands (ZUSU).
- The types of unit restart (values for R-parameter):
WRM (warm): Code and files are loaded at unit restart (default).
HOT : Code and files are not loaded at unit restart. Only the file buffers are
reset, and the applications start from the beginning.
MIN (mini):The restart of the exchange is imperfect as only disk services and
some parts of other service blocks are activated, such as maintenance and
file system. E.g. databases are not loaded. The mini restart should not be
initiated for non-database units.
- The alternative loading modes :
OPT (optimal): Only the code whose checksum has changed is loaded
(default). The data files whose checksums have changed or files which do not
have a checksum are loaded.
TOT (total): All initially loadable program blocks and data files are loaded
(default value) by using the normal sources.
DSK (disk): All initially loadable program blocks are loaded from the disk of
the OMU. This parameter can be used for example in change note installation.

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- The file loading modes :

VIRT (virtual): Files will be loaded virtually, that is, in the background.
IMM (immediately): All files are loaded immediately.

Restart (Warm) with the reset button: The code is not loaded unless there is a
checksum error. Files are loaded from the primary unit.

Restart (Cold) by power cut: The code will be loaded from the disk, and the
data files are loaded from the primary unit. Cold restart can be initiated either
for a unit or for the whole system.

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5. Unit states:

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5. Unit states:

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5. Unit states:

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 四、Maintenance
§4.1 Supervision & Maintenance in the DX 200 solution :

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 四、Maintenance
§4.2 Detection and collection of alarm :
- Wired alarms (=hardware alarms)
- Trunk circuit alarms (=ET alarms, line alarms)
- Software alarms (=alarms detected by software)

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§4.3 Types of alarms :

- Notices: are additional information about the situation in the exchange.

- Disturbances(:are used for informing about temporary disturbance situations.

Notices and disturbances (*) do not require actions from the user.

- Alarms: can be cancelled in two ways: automatically by the alarm system or

by a user with MML commands. (* / ** / ***)

- Error ratio counters: are used for observing events that happen repeatedly.
Each error ratio counter has two sides: one side for all events and one side
for failed events.

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§4.4 Alarm system user interface :
1. Alarm system can be handled by the user with MML commands:
< ZA?

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2. Alarms printouts:

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