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Fundamental Concepts Of
Finite Element Analysis
Prepared by.
Prof. Smriti Sahu
Introduction: Solution methodologies to solve engineering problems, governing equations,
Brief history of FEM, Finite Element terminology (nodes, elements, domain, continuum, degrees of
freedom, loads & constraints), general steps involved in FEM, applications of FEM in various fields,
advantages and disadvantages of FEM, consistent units system, essential and natural boundary
Principal of Minimum Potential Energy (PMPE), Galerkin weighted residual method, Principle of
Virtual Work, Rayleigh-Ritz method, relation between FEM and Rayleigh-Ritz method
Types of Analysis (Introduction) : Linear static analysis, Non-linear analysis, Dynamic analysis,
Engineering
Problems
Numerical Method
Analytical Method or Hand Calculations Experimental Method or Physical
.Based on assumptions (both equations and Testing
. Exact or closed solution Boundary conditions)
.Already derived known equations It is a computational techniques which employs high
.100% accurate result end software's and computers . Most reliable method
.Many assumptions are made in analysis – It is a mathematical representation of a real life .Prototype required
isotropy property of material, small complicated problem. quite time consuming and requires
deflections are neglected .Range of result must be known for proper expensive physical setup.
validation of results Iteration for results
. Finite Element Methods (FEM) Fatigue test, sensors, strain gauge
Boundary Element Method (BEM)
Finite Volume Method (FVM)
Finite Difference Method (FDM)
Governing Equations
• [K] * [x] = [F]
• Now, the stiffness matrix might differ based on the type of analysis, like structural or thermal. It is also dependant on boundary
conditions and degrees of freedom
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