Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Diagnostic Virology)
2. indirect examination
Antigen Detection
Electron Microscopy
Light Microscopy
Viral Genome Detection
Direct Examination
1. Antigen Detection immunofluorescence, ELISA , Latex
agglutination etc.
2. Electron Microscopy morphology of virus particles
immune electron microscopy
3. Light Microscopy histological appearance
inclusion bodies
4. Viral Genome Detection hybridization with specific:
nucleic acid probes
polymerase chain reaction ( PCR)
ELISA for HIV
Electron Microscopy
There are two fundamental
types of electron microscope,
the transmission type (TEM) &
scanning electron
microscopes (SEM).
Cellculture
Egg inoculation
Animals
Indirect Examination
1. Cell Culture cytopathic effect (CPE)
hemabsorption
immunofluorescence
2. Eggs pocks on CAM
haemagglutination
inclusion bodies
3. Animals disease or death
Virus Isolation
Plaque assay
Renato Dulbecco in 1952 was the
first to accurately quantify animal
viruses using a plaque assay -
dilutions of the virus are used to
infect a cultured cell monolayer,
which is then covered with soft agar
to restrict diffusion of the virus,
resulting in localized cell killing & the
appearance of plaques after the
monolayer is stained.
Cytopathic effect of enterovirus 71 and HSV in cell culture: note the ballooning of cells .
(Virology Laboratory, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Linda Stannard, University of Cape Town)
Cytopathic Effect (CPE)