FOCUS

ON MOTIVATION
Purpose of this chapter:

-To understand past tense human

behavior;
-To predict change and influence
future human behavior in an
organization
WHAT IS MOTIVATION?

 The energy that a person expresses in

connection with the work
 An inner wish to make an effort

 Psychological condition, which affects a

person’s behavior
RESEARCHERS:

 David C. McClelland & John W. Atkinson

-pointed the connection between an employee’s
motivation and his performance
 Degree of motivation is at its highest
when the probability of success is
around 50%.
 Bell-shaped line indicates that the
strength of the motivation declines when
the probability of success exceeds 50%
 Hence, employees are not motivated
when the objective is difficult or almost
unrealistic to reach, or when it is
relatively easy to reach
 SURVEYS OF THE TWO DIFFERENT
COMPANIES’ MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS
(2005)

-Industrial Company
-Commercial Company
(25 respondents , determine the three (3)
motivational factors they prioritized or
motivated them most)
COMPANY’S EMPLOYEES ARE MOTIVATED BY:

Challenging tasks
Open and Honest
communication with immediate
manager
Credit for well-performed work
EMPLOYEES’ MOST IMPORTANT MOTIVATIONAL
FACTORS ARE:

Pay/bonus

Challengingtasks
Good working environment
 ELEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF
MOTIVATION

 Initiation

 Direction

 intensity
 MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR IS CHARACTERIZED BY:

 FOCUS
 EFFORT

 PERSISTENCE

 TASK PLAN

=these will result to performance

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE ELEMENTS OF
MOTIVATION:
 Individual conditions  Job situation
 THEORETICAL
APPROACHES
TO MOTIVATION
THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION
 INNER MOTIVATION

 Motivationthat THEORIES:
comes from the
inside and deals -Rational factors
with both conscious
and unconscious
needs. -Irrational factors
RATIONAL FACTORS: IRRATIONAL FACTORS:
 Expectancy Theory  Maslow’s needs

 Self-efficacy theory
 Management by  C. Alderfer’s needs
Objectives (MBO) theory
 D. McClelland’s
theory
RATIONAL
FACTORS
EXPECTANCY THEORY (M=V X E X I)
Explains that people will be motivated to the
extent to which they believe that their
efforts will lead to good performance, that
good performance will be rewarded, and
that they will be offered attractive rewards.
COMPONENTS:
 Expectancy

 Instrumentality

 Valence
SELF-EFFICACY

 Thefaith in one’s own ability to

mobilize motivation, one’s cognitive
resources, and one’s own ability to
choose the right actions in relation to
the specific expectations.
MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO)

 based on the notion that objectives and

the process of setting objectives itself
may have a positive influence on
motivation and thereby performance.
 Must be SMART
IRRATIONAL
FACTORS
MASLOW’S NEEDS MODEL
ALDERFER’S NEEDS THEORY
MCCLELLAND’S MOTIVATIONAL THEORY

THREE NEEDS:
Achievement need

Power need

Affiliation need
Prepared by: MICRISLIE C. MANSING

THANKS!