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What is MATERIAL SCIENCE ?

Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applying the synthesis


characterization and properties of material to various areas of science and
engineering.

What Properties we are searching in a material ?

1. Strength , Hardness , flexibility.


2.Thermal ,magnetic and electrical Properties.
3. Stability .
4. Catalyst (Acidic or basic )
5. Reusability and eco friendly .
6. Low Cost.

Based on above properties apply them in day today Material .


BAB I. IKATAN ANTAR ATOM
Atom Kristal
Ikatan

1. Ikatan Primer : - Ikatan Ionik (≈ 3,3 eV/ ikatan)


- Ikatan Kovalen (≈ 7,4 eV/ ikatan)
- Ikatan Logam (≈ 4,2 eV/ ikatan)
2. Ikatan Sekunder (Gaya lemah = Gaya van der
Waals) (≈ 0,3 eV/ ikatan) :
- Dipol Terinduksi
- Molekul Dwikutub (Polar)
- Jembatan Atom H
I. IKATAN IONIK.
Konsep Dasar : Transfer elektron Ion-ion
Contoh : NaCl, CsCl, MgO.

Transfer elektron : Na Na+ + e-


Cl + e- Cl-

Na + Cl Na+ + Cl-
GAYA ELEKTROSTATIK

TARIK MENARIK
MOLEKUL NaCl :
+e -e

Na+ Cl-
r0=Jarak Kesetimbangan
r0≈2,8 A0
Energi Interaksi Coulomb :

EA = 1 (-e) (+e) ≈……..eV (Energi yang diper-


4πε0 r0 lukan untuk memecah
ikatan tersebut).
Diperluas 3 Dimensi STRUKTUR KRISTAL

rCs+ ………..rNa+
rCl- rCl-
EN = EA + ER

Darimana munculnya
gaya repulsif ?

Tinjau Dua Atom yang Saling Berdekatan :


2. IKATAN KOVALEN.
Konsep Dasar : Pemakaian bersama elektron2
dari atom-atom.
Contoh : Molekul CH4.
When one C is surrounded by 4C

2s22p2 2s12p3

2p
N=2, l=1, ml = 1, 0, -1 px py pz
sp3 sp3 sp3 sp3
2s
s
n=2, l=0 sp3 hybridzation

1s
n=1, l=0

Carbon’s electron orbital


3. IKATAN LOGAM.
Konsep Dasar : Antara atom2 unsur logam.
Contoh : Logam Natrium.

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