Slope Stability Analysis

SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
BY
Kingshuk Jana
M.Tech 1st year (geotech)
What is slope?
• An exposed ground surface that stands at an angle
with the horizontal is called slope.
• Either occur naturally or engineered by human
• Constantly moving down slope in response to

gravity.
• Can either rock slope or soil slope or both

Khugk’;l;kljh;k;l
Slope stability
• The resistance that a slope offers to a failure by
By sliding or collapsing.
• A balance of driving and resisting force.
• If resisting force > driving force
stable slope
• If resisting force <driving force
unstable slope
Objectives
• To find the valuable areas for slope stability
invstigation
• To investigate potential failure mechanism
• To determine the slope sensitivity to different
triggering mechanism
• To generate optimal slopes designing with regard
of safty
• To test and compare different stabilization and
support options
Leterature review
author paper
Methods of slope stability
• Slope stability by static condition
• Slope stability by dianamic condition
• Slope stability with geo rein forcement

Slope stability analysis by static condition
• Two methods are used
A. Limit equilibram method
B. Finite eliment method

Limit equilibram method
• Currently,most slope stability analysis involve LE analysis due to its
simplicity and accuracy.
• The methode consists of cutting the slope into slices and applying
appropiate equilibram equations.
• The methods of analysis are
1. Swedish slip circle method
2. Ordinary method of slices
3. Modified bishop method of slice
4. Lorimar method of analysis
5. Spencers method of analysis
6. Sarma method of analysis
7. Taylor stability number
Finite eliment method of analysis
• PLAXIS2D is finite element software for soil
and rock that has been used by geotechnical
engineers and researchers for more than two
decades.
• RF =
• Factor of safety=
sdgsgfhfdhdfjh
• Comparative study
Method of analysys Factor of safty

Finite eliment(PLAXIS 2D) .884
Fellonious method .755
Bishops simplified .806
morgensten .798
Dyanamic analysis of slope
• For dyanamic analysis investigations are
carried out by shake table test
• The failure in slope is analyzed on the basis of
crest subsidence with respect to initial slope
profile.
• Dynamic parameters used are acceleration of
shaking (% of g), frequency (Hz) and dynamic
loading duration (cycles).
• DYANAMIC PARAMETRS
• FREQUENCY: Constant frequency 4Hz
• DYANAMIC LOADING: 10%,20%,30% of

accelation due to gravity
• CYCLES: 10,20 40 cycles

• SHAKE TABLE TEST SET UP
• The test tank is a 1050 mm long, 600 mm wide

and 600 mm high cubical box made up of steel
panels. The tank is mounted on a horizontal shake
table. The platform with wheels rests on four knife
edges being rigidly fixed on two pairs of rails
anchored to the foundation. This is driven in
horizontal direction by a 3 H.P.
• MATERIAL USED IN THIS STUDY
• PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
• The slope angle is kept at critical angle of 36.5° and

height of 0.6 m is made. The observations were
made for three different acceleration of 10%, 20%
and 30% of acceleration due to gravity. The response
of slope is observed at three different loading times
i.e. after 10, 20 and 40 cycle which corresponds to
2.5, 5 and 10 sec after the initiation of dynamic
loading
• OBSERVATIONS:
• OBSERVATION
• EFFECT OF DURATION OF CYCLIC LOADING
Response of Slope Made Up of Soil and Other Waste Materials under Sinusoidal Motion
• Performance of small scale embankment

under dyanamic loading is experimentally
evaluated by conducting shake table test.
• Model slopes are made up of soil and soil dust

mixtures at various water level conditions.
Response of Slope Made Up of Soil and Other
Waste Materials under Sinusoidal Motion
• DIFFERENT SOIL DUST :
• Saw dust = WD
• Brick dust = BD
• Stone dust = SD
• Building Demolish dust= DD
• SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF SOIL AT

DIFFRERENT WATER CONTENT.
• RESULTS:
RESULTS:
• RESULTS :
• SHAPE OF DEFORMED SLOPE:
•
• SHAPE OF THE DEFORMED SLOPE :
• SHAPE OF THE DEFORMED SLOPE :
Slope with georeinforcement
WHAT IS GEOREINFORCEMENT
Georeinforcement is a technique to stabilize

the soil with some geosynthetics material like
Geosynthetics, geotextiles ,geogrids etc..

• WHAT TO STUDY?
• To study the effect of location of

reinforcement
• ,length of the reinforcement layer ,tensile
strength of reinforcement on shape of the
failure surface and corresponding factor of
safty.
BASIC MODEL:
• EFFECT OF LOCATION OF REINFORCEMENT
• EFFECT OF LENGTH:
• EFFECT OF TENSILE STRENGTH:
Behaviour of soil reinforcement in
slope
What to study
• In this study behaviour of supported slope
with geogrids and geotextiles are analyzed in
laboratory by finding out failure surface and
deformation of slope
• The model slope is analyzed using plaxis
programme.At the end the experimental and
analytical results compared.
Behaviour of soil reinforcement in slope
Design progress of geotextile and geogrid walls

• Internal stability analysis are calculated to
determine spacing, length and overlap distance.
• Then external stability analysis against
overturning, sliding and foundation failure are
found.
• finally, wall facing details and external drainage
are analyzed.
Possible stability failure of slopes

Experimental setup
• A model box is prepared of 50 cm , 90 cm width and
90 degree slope angle.
• Loading frame, having 10 tons capacity, was adapted
on top of the box to apply static load vertically on the
slope.
• After placing reinforcements, granular fill material was
compacted. Granular fill material contains 72.3 %
sand, 23.1 % silt and 4.6 % clay and the grain size
distribution curve is given in Figure
Experimental setup
Grain size distribution

Mechanical properties of reinforcement
Geogrid Geo-textile
Unit weight 200 gm/m2 260 gm/m2
Tensile strength 7.5-11 kpa 40-50 kpa
Thickness(mm) 1.2 1.6
Behaviour of soil reinforcement in
slope
Application with geogrid
Geogrids with 4cm rib spacing is used.
Plaxis model of reinforced slope

Application with geo textile
In this case 1.6 mm thickness is used
Laboratory reinforcement with geogrid

Results:
Plaxis Laboratory model

deformation(mm) deformation(mm)
Geogrid reinforcement 8.50 7.00
Geo-textile reinforcement 14.00 9.00
Stability analysis of non homogenous
soil slope using numerical technique
What to study
• Stability analysis of non homogenous soil slope by

varying the height of the soil layers and comparing
the factor of safty calculated both in limit
equilibram method and finite eliment method in
following two cases.
• Case 1- Absence of pseustatic force and water
table.
• Case -2 - Considering the effect of pseudostatic
force and water table
Development of numerical model
• A numerical model has been developed in to

represent the homogenous and non
homogenous slope in Rocscience software
using phase and slide modules.
• Slope angle= 2:1(H:V)
• Slope height= 20m
• Depth factor= 2
Friction Cohesion( Young Poissons Permeability Unit

angle(ϕ) Kpa) modulous(K ratio (m/s) Weight
pa) (KN/m3
)
Soil 1 30 10 5 .3 4x10^-7 16
Soil 2 36 25 5 .3 8x10^-7 16
Stability analysis of non homogenous soil
slope using numerical technique
Variation of h/d Ratio
h/D 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
h(m) 0 8 16 24 32 40
Critical surfaces for various layer heights for
Case 1 using limit equilibram method
Critical surfaces for various layer heights for
Case 2 using limit equilibram method
Contures of total displacement by FEM for layer height (a) h=.2D (b) h=
.4D (c) h=.6D and (d) h= .8D
Results :
Homogenous slope with two different soils

Results:
Non homogenous slope with two soil layers

Results :
Variation of safty factor with height ratio for case 1 and

case 2

Slope Stability Analysis

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Slope Stability Analysis

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SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS

• Either occur naturally or engineered by human

• Constantly moving down slope in response to

• Can either rock slope or soil slope or both

• Slope stability by dianamic condition

• Slope stability with geo rein forcement

• Two methods are used

A. Limit equilibram method

B. Finite eliment method

Method of analysys Factor of safty

• FREQUENCY: Constant frequency 4Hz

• DYANAMIC LOADING: 10%,20%,30% of

• CYCLES: 10,20 40 cycles

• The test tank is a 1050 mm long, 600 mm wide

• The slope angle is kept at critical angle of 36.5° and

• Performance of small scale embankment

• Model slopes are made up of soil and soil dust

• DIFFERENT SOIL DUST :

• SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF SOIL AT

Georeinforcement is a technique to stabilize

Geosynthetics, geotextiles ,geogrids etc..

• To study the effect of location of

Design progress of geotextile and geogrid walls

Possible stability failure of slopes

Grain size distribution

Mechanical properties of reinforcement

Plaxis model of reinforced slope

Application with geo textile

In this case 1.6 mm thickness is used

Laboratory reinforcement with geogrid

Plaxis Laboratory model

• Stability analysis of non homogenous soil slope by

• A numerical model has been developed in to

Friction Cohesion( Young Poissons Permeability Unit

h/D 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Homogenous slope with two different soils

Non homogenous slope with two soil layers

Variation of safty factor with height ratio for case 1 and

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